aged 10 to 17 married, divorced or widowed was just below 1% in 2000, a decline from about 4% in 1970. More recently, 1,124 child marriages were recorded in Malaysia in 2020. Assuming that in these marriages both parties were children aged at least 10, this would mean just 0.04% of children and adolescents aged 10 to 19 were married in 2020. While this figure is a rough estimate due to various assumptions, it highlights that, statistically, child marriage remains a relatively rare phenomenon. However, for children who tie the knot, the ramifications of marriage during these pivotal developmental years cannot be underestimated. Effects on children According to Girls Not Brides, a non-governmental organisation (NGO), children who marry have significant physical and mental health consequences. Girls who marry before the age of 15 are 50% more likely to suffer from intimate partner violence than those who marry later, and pregnancy complications are the leading cause of death among girls aged 15-19. Child marriage often results in children dropping out of school and never returning. Real-life cases highlight the troubling acceptance of child marriage in Malaysia. In 2018, an 11-year-old girl married a 41-year-old man in Kelantan. The man had stated, One day I will take this girl as my wife, four years before the marriage took place raising concerns of sexual grooming. This means he intended to marry her when she was only seven years old. In some cases, children are even married off to their rapists. For example, in 2 , a 13-year-old girl was married to her 19-year-old rapist in Kulim, Kedah. These cases are not isolated, and reflect systemic issues perpetuated by societal and legal shortcomings. Policies and laws In 2020, the Women, Family and Community Development Ministry launched the National Strategy Plan in Handling the Causes of Child Marriage . The plan takes a comprehensive approach in tackling child marriage, addressing issues such as poverty, improving access to education, and expanding sexual and reproductive health services. Additionally, the plan also includes a proposal to raise the minimum marriage age to 18 for all individuals. Unfortunately, the government falls short of meeting this goal. In Malaysia, family law is contingent on a persons religion and state of residence. For Muslims, Islamic family law stipulates the minimum marriage age for girls at 16 and boys at 18. However, by 2022, Selangor and Kedah had amended their state laws to raise the minimum age for girls to 18. Discouragingly in 2022, the then minister of Women, Family and Community Development announced that the federal government had no plans to pursue a nationwide ban on child marriage, citing resistance from many states to amend their laws. Resistance to reforms Despite the relatively low number of child marriages each year, it is surprising that some states are slow or even reluctant to make changes. One possible explanation is that the low prevalence of child marriage makes proposing legal amendments a low priority in state legislative assemblies. However, a more compelling reason may lie in resistance from those in power. In the past, bureaucrats in states like Sabah, Terengganu and Kelantan have opposed marriage reforms, arguing that the legality of child marriage is necessary in exceptional circumstances such as to protect a childs dignity from premarital sex, whether consensual or not. Lack of political will and consensus There appears to be a lack of political will, and without the consensus of legislators and state authorities, protecting children from a deprived childhood will remain unachieved. While Selangor and Kedah have amended their laws, loopholes persist as long as children can still be married in other states. Malaysia now lags behind its regional neighbours, as countries like Indonesia and the Philippines have passed laws recognising the human rights violations associated with child marriage. Thailand raised its minimum marriage age to 17 back in 2018. The Madani government must push through in meeting the objectives of the National Strategy Plan in Handling the Causes of Child Marriage. With the support of community leaders and NGO, it must continue to have dialogues with state governments to ensure child abuse is not concealed behind the veil of a child bride. The writer is a researcher at the Khazanah Research Institute and a research student at the Graduate School of Public Policy, University of Tokyo. Comments: letters@thesundaily.com

vibrant yet fragile, vulnerable to fates unpredictability. When the thread is cut, grief often overwhelms those left behind, filling the air with unanswered questions and disbelief. Yet, in the stillness of sorrow, loved ones find solace in memories laughter shared, passions pursued and love freely given. These moments, once ordinary, become extraordinary reminders that even a fleeting life can be lived with purpose and intensity. Central to Memento Mori is the beautiful art of letting go not of life itself, but of the burdens that prevent us from living fully. Letting go is not about giving up; it is about releasing the things that weigh us down, embracing the present and facing the future with clarity and courage. Letting go of ego: Our egos cling to the need for recognition, validation and control. Memento Mori invites us to loosen that grip, encouraging joy in the success of others and freedom from constant comparison. True worth is not found in accolades or possessions but in the inherent value of being human. Letting go of the illusion of control: Lifes unpredictability can be daunting and beautiful. Surrendering to the flow of life allows us to embrace its uncertainties with grace, seeing challenges as opportunities for growth and resilience. Letting go of the past: Regrets and resentments are anchors that keep us tethered to what can no longer be changed. By forgiving ourselves and others, we can transform the past into a source of wisdom rather than a burden. Letting go of material attachments: In a world consumed by consumerism, Memento Mori reminds us that happiness is not in possessions but in experiences, relationships and acts of kindness. Material things fade but the legacy of love and compassion endures. Letting go of the fear of death: Death, as natural as birth, is not an end to dread but a truth to embrace. Confronting mortality frees us from fear, enabling us to live with greater presence and gratitude. This practice of letting go clears the path for a life lived intentionally, unburdened by regret or fear, and open to the fullness of each fleeting moment. It is about cultivating simple, conscious habits that bring clarity and intention to everyday living. Daily reflection: Begin or end each day with quiet contemplation. Ask yourself: If today were my last, would I be content with how I lived it? Let this guide your choices. Confront your fears: Identify what you have been avoiding a dream deferred, a difficult conversation or a leap of faith and take action. Courage is the antidote for regret. Practice gratitude: Notice lifes small blessings, from the beauty of nature to acts of kindness. Gratitude shifts focus from what is missing to what is present. Connect with nature: Spend time outdoors, observing lifes cycles of renewal and decay. The changing seasons, blooming flowers and falling leaves remind us of impermanence. Create a legacy: Reflect on how you want to be remembered. It is not about grand achievements but the love, kindness and positive impact you leave behind. Live intentionally: Infuse meaning into daily actions. Whether eating, working or connecting with loved ones, presence transforms the ordinary into the extraordinary. Memento Mori teaches us that lifes beauty lies in its impermanence. For the grieving, it offers solace in memories and a reminder that a well-lived life, though brief, is profound. For the living, it is a call to awaken, to shed the unnecessary and to embrace the extraordinary gift of each moment. Dr Praveena Rajendra is a certified mental health and awareness practitioner specialising in narcissistic abuse recovery. Comments: letters@thesundaily.com

cultural appeal or as a tourist attraction, a thorough transformation is needed. There are several examples of port towns around the world that have successfully integrated their maritime heritage with tourism and local development. Cities like Singapore, Rotterdam, Hong Kong and Amsterdam serve as prime examples of how port towns can balance bustling commercial activities with cultural vibrancy, environmental sustainability and an attractive urban landscape. Singapore, known for its state-of-the-art port facilities, has managed to blend its maritime industry with tourism, creating a global hub that attracts millions of visitors annually. The Marina Bay Sands, the Singapore Flyer and the Gardens by the Bay show how a port can coexist with tourism and green spaces. Rotterdam in the Netherlands has striking modern aesthetic and sustainable development practices. It is a port town known for its museums, architecture and thriving cultural scene, proving that a working port and urban regeneration can go hand in hand. Hong Kong is a major international shipping hub that also boasts a vibrant tourism industry. The Victoria Harbour, along with tourist attractions like the Star Ferry, brings together the essence of maritime heritage with modernity. Amsterdam, with its canals and historical port district, has capitalised on its maritime past by offering tourists a chance to explore the rich heritage of its waterways while also embracing innovation and sustainable urban design. Assessing current state of Port Klang Port Klang today presents a stark contrast to these global port towns. Its infrastructure and urban planning remain underdeveloped, characterised by a disorganised mix of industrial sites, neglected public spaces, poor signage, litter-filled corners and uninviting streets. For visitors and tourists, Port Klang feels like an afterthought or the backwaters of Klang. It is a town that, despite its massive economic potential, offers little to inspire visitors or residents alike. Poor infrastructure: The roads around Port Klang are often congested, poorly maintained and lack pedestrian-friendly features. Drains and basic utilities are either outdated or neglected, detracting from the towns overall image. Stray dogs and haphazard parking are common too. Industrial sprawl: The port area is surrounded by warehouses, cargo facilities and industrial zones, many of which have little to no aesthetic appeal or accessibility for tourists. Lack of tourism infrastructure: Aside from a few basic eateries and local shops, there are only a few attractions that would draw tourists, and those that do exist such as the Sri Murugan Temple or the Port Klang Heritage Walk are often overlooked or poorly maintained. Foreign labour and informal businesses: While foreign workers contribute to the economy, the visible presence of informal businesses and lack of regulation can often create an unpleasant atmosphere for locals and visitors. Lack of rest areas: Large tanker trucks have no proper parking bays or restroom facilities for drivers to rest and refresh themselves after long hours of driving from north to south, transporting goods from the port. Vision for the future To elevate Port Klang into a port town that not only serves as a critical node in global trade, but also attracts tourists and locals alike, several key actions need to be taken: Revitalise infrastructure The towns infrastructure is in dire need of a makeover. Widening and modernising roads, improving drainage systems and creating pedestrian-friendly walkways will provide a foundation for sustainable growth. Port Klang could adopt the best practices from other port cities by integrating smart city technologies that allow for better traffic management, environmental monitoring and citizen engagement. Embrace sustainable urban planning Port Klang can take inspiration from cities like Rotterdam and Singapore by emphasising green spaces, eco-friendly buildings and sustainable designs. Developing parks along the waterfront, along with bike lanes and pedestrian zones, will attract residents and tourists to explore the area, while reducing the environmental impact of the port. Leverage port heritage Port Klangs maritime history can be a key selling point. A dedicated maritime museum or a heritage centre could educate visitors about Malaysias role in global trade and the history of Port Klang itself. Incorporating interactive exhibits, educational programmes and a waterfront promenade could draw tourists interested in maritime culture. This can be complemented by historical walking tours or boat rides along the coast to showcase the bustling port in action. Develop tourism-oriented attractions Port Klangs lack of attractions is a significant barrier to tourism. The town could boost its appeal by developing new attractions such as waterfront dining areas, cultural festivals and craft markets. Creating a marina area for recreational boats and yachts could also lure affluent tourists while adding vibrancy to the towns waterfront. Events like seafood festivals, port-side art fairs and cultural exhibitions could be used to draw in crowds throughout the year. Improve public amenities and landscape The aesthetic appearance of Port Klang needs urgent attention. Make it mandatory for traders to paint their shops, especially the old structures, spruce up the image of the shops. Improve road signage, clean up streets, create beautiful public spaces and establish well-maintained parks to give the town a new look and feel. Making the area more visually appealing, with integrated green spaces and vibrant street art, can help foster a sense of pride and attract tourists. For example, Juan Miguel Pozo from Spain contributed by painting a large-scale mural on the shop wall at the Jalan Kem traffic light. Create strong local economy While the port is the economic backbone, the surrounding area should be developed with a focus on small businesses, local eateries and artisanal markets to create a more diverse and welcoming atmosphere. Encouraging the development of businesses that cater to tourists and locals will enhance the towns cultural landscape. Engage local community and workforce Port Klang should take steps to ensure that the foreign labour population and informal business activities do not detract from the towns appeal. Community engagement and empowerment programmes aimed at improving standards of living for the foreign workforce can help integrate them into the broader community. Collaboration between local businesses and foreign workers can also lead to better-regulated informal economies and enhance cultural exchange. Port Klang has the potential to be more than just a bustling industrial hub. By drawing inspiration from global port towns, it can become a dynamic fusion of maritime industry, cultural heritage and tourism. With improved infrastructure, sustainable urban planning and an emphasis on tourism development, Port Klang can be a port town that attracts ships and tourists creating a unique space where commerce and culture converge. The Port Klang Ferry Terminal could be an absolute gem, a thriving hub for eager tourists. If Port Klang offered even a small gesture of hospitality to weary travellers, visitors would not simply drive past the town without a second glance. It is almost remarkable how the Transport Ministry, Klang City Council, and the Selangor state government have overlooked the golden opportunity that Port Klang represents. It is time they seize the full potential of this port. Comments: letters@thesundaily.com

if businesses do not take the initiative in anticipating and presenting legitimate consumer needs, the government will. Today, the user is heard. Lawmakers are listening, as are alert businesses. In recent years, more advocates have begun to argue for consumerism. Their efforts to protect the Malaysian consumer from fraud, to improve the safety and liability of the products he buys and to educate him to buy more critically have resulted in some significant results in legislation, administrative action and public support. The support of the news and the wave of consumerism will remain, and the implications for businesses are many. One of the widely accepted explanations for the sharp increase in consumer complaints is that there has been a change in the business of marketing. Advances in technology have made products so widely exploited that the average consumer cannot make an informed purchase judgement and compare with similar products. In this highly competitive situation, sometimes businesses use sales gimmicks instead of improving their products. The pressure to produce more goods can result in a decrease in quality. Therefore, the hard sell advertisements of bad products increase. When businesses fail consumers, they turn to the government for help. Consumers harass government institutions to protect their rights and redress their grievances. They demand that businesses take responsibility for their products. They insist that governments and businesses provide full information about the products they buy. Concerned if they are protected from physical harm and fraud, they seek rules for the relationship between buyers and sellers. The inevitable result is more laws related to consumer rights. Businesses should be prepared to live it constructively and creatively. Businesses should not look at customer service only as an obligation but also as an opportunity for marketing. Consumer freedom is an interesting marketing fact. Businesses must stop viewing consumers as a threat and see them as an opportunity. There are many positive ways in which businesses can work with consumers for self-interest and the wider public interest. It is silly to deride consumerism as a threat to free enterprise. Businesses should create consumer relationships, consumer research and studies to find out what consumers want, and advise consumers how to buy, use and get services. Explain to customers, listen to their views and complaints, and develop programmes to help consumers buy and care for goods. Bulbir Singh is a former president of the Negeri Sembilan Consumers Association. Comments: letters@thesundaily.com

setbacks exacerbated by the Covid-19 pandemic. Reports indicate that states are not on track to attain gender equality by 2030. The static progress to eliminate gender discrimination is also reflected in the realities of our country. Notwithstanding Malaysias status as a signatory to the UN Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination Against Women, misogyny remains deeply entrenched in the social fabric. This inherent bias against women is reinforced by male political figures who frequently make sexist remarks to objectify and demean their female counterparts, often without facing any consequences. When politicians publicly make demeaning remarks toward women, it signals to the broader public that such behaviour is acceptable and thus becomes normalised. However, this carries heavy societal consequences. Gender-based violence Numerous systematic and cross-cultural studies have shown that gender discrimination strongly predicts violence against women and girls (VAWG), including femicide, sexual violence, intimate partner violence and human trafficking. Consistently, statistics show that violence against women in Malaysia remains a significant issue, with rates that are relatively high compared to global and regional averages, as reported by United Nations Development Programme (UNDP) and World Health Organisation. National data from the Department of Statistics has shown increases in reported domestic violence cases, particularly during the Covid-19 pandemic, with 9, cases reported over two years since the 2020 Movement Control Order. Although 2023 saw a 24.2% decrease compared with 2022, many cases often go unreported. The Womens Aid Organisation (WAO) in Malaysia provides additional data indicating a persistently high number of cases, with over 5,000 cases of domestic violence reported annually since 2 . Furthermore, a survey by WAO found that 62% of Malaysian women experienced workplace sexual harassment. Two years ago, the Anti-Sexual Harassment Act 2022 established a tribunal for handling such complaints. Additionally, it was discovered that belief in conflict resolution via aggression is common in Malaysia, particularly among male respondents. Misogyny, violent extremism and terrorism A growing body of research studies and systematic reviews have investigated the links between violent misogyny and violent extremism, revealing a complex relationship where misogynistic attitudes and gender-based violence often intersect with radicalisation and extremist behaviours. As Pain (2014) posits, domestic violence and violent extremism aim to exert power and control through fear. Notably, both are rooted in patriarchal norms, where misogyny justifies the subjugation of women who challenge male dominance. Research by Johnston and True (2019) shows that individuals in Asia (Indonesia, Bangladesh and the Philippines) who support VAWG are three times more likely to support violent extremism. Correspondingly, Smith (2019) notes that male perpetrators of terrorism often have histories of interpersonal violence, especially VAWG. For example, Guy Reffitt, a member of two far-right militias who partook in the US Capitol riot on Jan 6, 2021, admitted to physically harming his wife during a domestic dispute (Roy, 2024). Among systematic reviews, the Institute for Strategic Dialogue (2023) and the Global Network on Extremism and Technology (2022) establish that online communities promoting misogynistic content often act as gateways to more organised forms of hate and violence, with individuals exposed to misogynistic ideologies showing an increased likelihood of engaging in extremist acts. The UNDP (2021) also finds that extremist groups exploit misogynistic narratives as rallying points to unite members. Similarly, the European Institute for Gender Equality emphasises that extremist propaganda often includes misogynistic narratives to attract men who feel marginalised by gender equality. Moreover, extremist organisations like Islamic and right-wing terrorist groups are notorious for their renunciation of gender equality. They outwardly express misogynistic ideologies and behaviours to uphold a hierarchical and restrictive gender order (OSCE, 2022). The above empirical evidence powerfully underscores the need to recognise misogyny and histories of domestic violence as significant early indicators of potential terrorism. This insight is crucial for developing more effective prevention and intervention strategies. Masculinity and traditional gender roles Besides, terrorist propaganda often portrays terrorists as charismatic, masculine, and heroic, aiding recruitment and radicalisation (UN Women, 2022). In patriarchal societies, men and boys must live up to unattainable masculine ideals. Failing to do so leads to shame and exclusion. Violent extremist groups offer a way to reinforce their masculine identity, at womens expense. Similarly, traditional gender hierarchy can accelerate womens radicalisation. Women often support this hierarchy due to societal expectations of marriage and child-rearing. Ironically, many female members of extremist groups have faced sexual gender-based violence or patriarchal control, leading them to join for protection from male violence. However, the international community has largely overlooked recognising misogyny as a form of extremism, with the United Kingdom being the only country to do so formally. Furthermore, gender mainstreaming is not common in P/CVE policy frameworks as most national action plans do not mention gender or sex. When female terrorists are noted, they are merely seen as fighters wives, ignoring their motives and roles within terrorist groups. Meanwhile, as illustrated above, understanding gender power relations is integral to grasping the pathways to violent extremism and the operations of terrorist organisations. These insights are crucial for crafting effective P/CVE strategies. Hence, vigorous gender mainstreaming is essential in P/CVE frameworks. Policymakers and leaders in civil society organisations (CSOs) must lead the counter misogynistic narratives and promote gender equality by empowering women in P/CVE programmes. Engaging with women CSOs not only amplifies womens voices but also integrates the governments mechanisms with civil society. For example, Indonesia and the Philippines collaborate with local women CSOs and UN Women to incorporate a gender-sensitive approach in their P/CVE national action plans. Indonesias Working Group on Women and Countering/Preventing Violent Extremism coordinates dialogue and knowledge sharing between government bodies and CSOs on gender mainstreaming in P/CVE (UN Women, 2022). Moreover, training on the intricate relationship between violent misogyny and extremism should be provided to policymakers, security officials, and civil society actors. Implementing this knowledge can help identify and address misogynistic terrorism. The Education Ministry should consider including gender education in school curricula to promote gender equality and prevent misogynistic beliefs among youth. Since evidence strongly indicates that gender-based violence can be a significant early indicator of potential terrorism, authorities should routinely investigate individuals with a history of domestic violence for potential extremist connections. Likewise, addressing the spread of online misogynistic rhetoric and gender-based violence is vital, as they often serve as recruitment tools for radical groups. Platforms should implement victim-centred policies, improve transparency, enhance cross-platform cooperation and apply gender-sensitive moderation to mitigate these risks effectively. Additionally, a national referral system should detect early signs of violent misogynistic extremism and provide corrective programmes. Gender-specific radicalisation indicators and assessments of hostile sexism should be used to evaluate misogynys role in their radicalisation process. Given the robust evidence linking gender-based discrimination to violence and subsequent radicalisation, it is imperative to give this problem wider recognition through more comprehensive policies aimed at eradicating gender discrimination, including formally recognising it as a form of extremism and integrating it prominently within P/CVE frameworks. Dr Margarita Peredaryenko and Avyce Heng are part of the research team at Emir Research, an independent think tank focused on strategic policy recommendations based on rigorous research. Comments: letters@thesundaily.com

tenure in Ukraine, Gaza and elsewhere. This record will become worse if the bleak outcome of his latest foreign policy decision becomes reality. In what independent observers view as a further attempt by Biden to continue and escalate the war in Ukraine, the lame-duck president has authorised Ukraine to use American long-range missiles to strike deeper inside Russia. In the US, the following response has received two million views on X and 47,000 likes. On his way out of office, Biden is dangerously trying to start WWIII by authorising Ukraine the use of US long-range missiles into Russia. The American people gave a mandate on Nov 5 against these exact last decisions and do not want to fund or fight foreign wars. We want to fix our own problems. (Marjorie Taylor Green, Congress representative for Georgia, X post, 14 Nov) This decision of allowing Kyiv to use the Army Tactical Missile System, with its superior range of up to four times more than the current weapons supplied to Ukraine for attacks inside Russia, has been justified with the most flimsy of excuses provided to and regurgitated by the mainstream media. Quoting American officials reported to be knowledgeable about the matter but obviously designated by the White House to provide justification propaganda, the major policy change is being pitched to the world as a response to North Korean troops reported to be positioned along Ukraines northern border. The explanation rings hollow. Since the war began, Russia has not called upon or relied on any non-Russian troops to fight its war. At this late stage when victory appears to be in sight, and which Vladimir Putin will want for it to enter into the history books as an exclusive and single-handed Russian victory against the combined forces of the US, Britain, Canada, Australia, the European Union, Japan and other allies of the West, it will be foolish and extremely unlikely for Putin to welcome any participation from Russias allies and friends in the current battlefield and military endgame in Ukraine. As to the presence of North Koreans in Ukraine, it is possible that there is a small number of them at the frontline. However, South Korea, which has the best intelligence on North Korea, has not been able to confirm that North Korean troops are now engaged in combat as reported by some US and Ukraine officials. Explaining Bidens last war hurrah What explains Bidens last hurrah in US foreign policy is not difficult to fathom. Firstly, he is clearly giving way to the late-ditch-effort by the military-industrial (MIC) and deep state complexes that are key players of US domestic and foreign policy to obstruct the incoming president, Donald Trump, in his plan to end the war. Such a move, which Trump has promised to take place within 24 hours after his assumption of office, would adversely impact the windfall profits that the war in Ukraine has generated for the MIC complex. Biden had earlier resisted pressure from Volodymyr Zelensky and Western supporters to allow Ukraine to strike military targets deeper inside Russia for fear that further escalation could draw the US and Nato (North Atlantic Treaty Organisation) into direct conflict with nuclear-armed Russia. His change of mind at this late hour can also be interpreted in other ways besides his finally giving in to the MIC forces working behind the political scene in Washington and Kyiv. Foremost appears to be his personal animosity towards Trump, who he condemned in an election campaign rally as a threat to democracy and someone that needed to be locked up. Related to that animosity may also be a quest for retaliation against his nemesis, fuelled by Kamala Harriss election loss, which many Democrat leaders attribute to Bidens late withdrawal from the presidential race. Failure by Trump as the new president to stop the war as promised would put Bidens foreign policy legacy of support for Ukraine in a better light and make Trump the loser in the American history books, which Biden is now focused on influencing and rewriting. Earlier in his youth, Biden had shown promise of being anti-war in his sentiment. Like earlier presidents George W. Bush and Bill Clinton he was successful in avoiding the draft. According to a report by the US Army Times newspaper which serves active, reserve, national guard and retired US army personnel, and analyses the draft dodging strategies of various presidents: Biden not only received deferments for his undergraduate days at the University of Delaware, but for three years of law school at Syracuse University. When his education deferments expired in 1968, Biden requested a deferment based on the fact he had asthma as a teenager. He did this in spite of the fact that, according to his own book, he was a star athlete in high school and in college played intramural sports and was a lifeguard in the summer. ...-potus-to-avoid-the-draft/) The report also noted that as soon as he received his asthma deferment, Biden ran for local office, and within two years after he would have been discharged from the army, assuming he was not wounded or killed, he was elected to the senate. As president, Biden clearly has embellished his war record with the latest variant of US foreign policy of fighting to the last Ukrainian. Lim Teck Ghees Another Take is aimed at demystifying social orthodoxy. Comments: letters@thesundaily.com

organic growth. It adapts to societal needs, borrowing words or coining new ones when there is a genuine linguistic gap. However, introducing words like katimbang to replace the perfectly functional daripada or peluncuran instead of pelancaran, defies this principle. Such changes do not stem from societal demand or linguistic necessity but from an imposed top-down decree. Linguists like Noam Chomsky argue that language is shaped by its users, not by arbitrary mandates. In this case, the ministers claim that the public is beginning to accept these words feels like an exaggerated claim, given that no evidence suggests any real grassroots acceptance. If anything, these terms are being shoved down the throats of officials and the public alike, creating confusion and perhaps, resistance. Such words are not being embraced because they fill a void; they are being forced into public discourse during official events and government documents. Officials, under pressure to adhere to the new terminology, scramble to use these words correctly, often resulting in embarrassing missteps and unnecessary confusion. Take for instance the introduction of mahsul for harvest or intiha for ending. The Malay language already has perfectly functional and familiar words for these concepts, such as hasil and penamat. Why complicate matters? Similarly, tatakelola (effective administration) and kebinekaan (diversity) are either redundant or already understood within their original context. Adding layers of unnecessary complexity undermines the accessibility of the language, alienating the people it seeks to serve. Linguistic experts often emphasise that language evolution must be driven by usage and practicality. Professor Emeritus Datuk Dr Teo Kok Seong, a respected linguist, has previously pointed out that introducing unfamiliar terms risks alienating speakers and causing them to abandon the language altogether. If Malaysians already struggle to maintain fluency in Bahasa Malaysia in an increasingly English-dominated global environment, why add to the confusion with terms that feel forced and out of place? Instead of fostering pride in our national language, this approach risks making Bahasa Malaysia a subject of ridicule. Imagine saying, Walhasil, tiwikrama kebinekaan negara kita memerlukan tatakelola yang baik during a speech. While the statement may be linguistically correct, it is also unnecessarily convoluted, obscuring the intended message. Language is meant to communicate, not to confuse. The ministers claim also reflects a troubling trend: the use of narratives that are not grounded in reality. Malaysians are not asking for new terms like purbasangka (prejudice) when prasangka is already understood. Nor are they eager to adopt taakul (reasoning) when pemikiran serves the same purpose. Worse, words like intiha and walhasil feel archaic, as if they belong in an 18th-century Malay manuscript rather than contemporary communication. Forcing such terms into public use under the guise of progress is counterproductive. It alienates the audience it seeks to engage Malaysians from all walks of life who simply want a language they can understand and use effortlessly. Introducing unnecessary complications only widens the gap between the language and its users. At its core, my concern is about ensuring Bahasa Malaysia remains relevant, accessible and functional for all Malaysians. The introduction of new words should serve a purpose filling linguistic gaps or adapting to modern realities, not complicating communication. If the goal is to preserve and elevate Bahasa Malaysia, the focus should be on improving proficiency, encouraging its use in meaningful ways and ensuring that it remains a unifying force in a diverse nation. Furthermore, language policy should consider the opinions of experts and the people who use the language daily. Linguists globally agree that language evolution should enhance communication, not hinder it. At its best, the ministers statement is right in that, Bahasa Malaysia (and all languages) is a living language but that does not justify unnecessary or forced changes that complicate its use and alienate its speakers. Instead of celebrating the uniqueness of our national language, imposing such words risk making our language the subject of mockery and frustration. The education minister must open her eyes to the real challenges faced by Malaysians in embracing Bahasa Malaysia. Do not add to these challenges with linguistic experiments that confuse rather than clarify. The focus should be on strengthening the languages relevance and accessibility, preserving its beauty and functionality, and ensuring that all Malaysians, not just a select few, can use and appreciate it. Let our language evolve naturally, driven by the needs of its people, not by artificial impositions. Otherwise, we risk turning this living language into a relic of bureaucratic misadventure. While I may not be a language expert, I am a well-read person and an experienced communicator. In communication, the ultimate rule is to ensure people understand and embrace your message. Confusing the public with unnecessary changes to language for the sake of novelty or to fulfil a feel good agenda serves no one and risks eroding the very foundation of our linguistic heritage. Prof Mohd Said Bani Che Mat Din is a communications specialist and a passionate advocate for the national language and heritage, with extensive experience in delivering clear, impactful and meaningful messages to diverse audiences. Comments: letters@thesundaily.com

breed one-upmanship and are rife with criticism. Similarly, means-tested cash transfer programmes also tend to be unpopular, leading to envy and a sense of something for nothing. If cash transfers were made into a universal benefit, like a basic income, this perception may be different. So how would this form of universality work its magic? With universality, we are no longer divided into two camps of deserving and undeserving. There is no social stigma against recipients, no political tension, no complex and intrusive applications to the government and no inspectors keeping a watch over you. Many argue that the government has no place determining between the deserving and the undeserving anyway. If giving cash to the rich does not sit right with you yet, consider the administrative cost savings that come with universality. How many man hours would be saved from trying to discriminate between rich and poor people if we simply included everyone? Instead of suspicion, basic income would efficiently disburse an agreed amount to all, directly to their bank accounts or MyKad, without any middlemen or room for wastage, leakages and corruption. Targeted benefits can feel debilitating when you are paid for being poor and when that payment is reduced when you progress through hard work to a marginally higher income. Instead of disincentivising progress, basic income does away with all disincentives by being universal. By boosting social mobility without tinkering with anyones social status, there is no more one-upmanship everyone gets it. Universality is only one of five tenets of basic income. It also must be regular or monthly paid in cash not tokens vouchers or food parcels, paid to individuals not heads of households and above all it must be unconditional. These ideas are quickly gaining ground in Malaysia. Under Budget 2025, the unity government announced a significant boost to the Sumbangan Tunai Rahmah (STR) and Sumbangan Asas Rahmah (Sara) initiatives next year. Total allocations increased to RM13 billion from RM10 billion and will benefit nine million people or 60% of the adult population. Financial assistance under the Social Welfare Department (JKM) will rise to RM2.9 billion from RM2.4 billion, enabling higher monthly welfare payments for the underprivileged. A total of 4.1 million households will receive Sara cash transfers compared with 700,000 recipients this year, with a RM100 monthly benefit credited directly to their MyKad. The maximum household assistance will increase to RM4,600, compared with RM3,700 previously. Combining all forms of assistance, no one in Malaysia needs to have an income of less than RM1,100 per month. Including STR, Sara and JKM, a poor household with three children is eligible to receive over RM13,000 annually, compared to RM11,000 last year. Senior citizens living in poverty, will be eligible for over RM10,000 in aid annually, compared to RM8,000 last year. This is before accounting for additional aid from state governments, Zakat or from foundations. The progressive reforms of welfare assistance will still need to embed the basic principles of regular payments, paid in cash to individuals on a universal and unconditional basis, but Malaysia has already begun this journey and has the chance to be a leader in the world, creating magic from a universal basic income. Lee Seng Kiat is a volunteer coordinator for the Basic Income Earth Network and Prof Geoffrey Williams is an economist and policy specialist. The views expressed are those of the authors. Comments: letters@thesundaily.com

political win as it indicates a powerful shift in voter priorities and highlights the increasingly complex relationship between political power, public trust and morality. Trumps campaign, marked by a blend of populist rhetoric and audacious self-assurance, captured a nation growing tired of conventional politics. His victory is particularly noteworthy given the legal challenges he faces, which include numerous charges involving financial misdeeds and alleged improprieties. Yet, he now stands at the helm of the country, suggesting that the American electorate may be prioritising immediate, tangible concerns over issues of character and legality. This dichotomy raises questions about the place of morality in modern politics, especially when economic struggles drive voters to seek decisive leaders over upstanding ones. The proverbial elephant in the room is the US economy, a subject that became the cornerstone of Trumps appeal and an area where the Democrats may have faltered. The American middle class, long viewed as the bedrock of the nations prosperity, has seen stagnating wages and rising living costs. Concerns over inflation, healthcare costs, housing and education have intensified, with many families struggling to meet their basic needs. These economic hardships are not new but they have reached a boiling point where the electorate is seeking immediate solutions rather than abstract promises of progress. Trumps campaign, with its straightforward focus on job creation, tax cuts and economic growth, struck a chord with voters who feel left behind by the current system. The Democrats appeared more focused on social issues and progressive policies, which, though significant, failed to resonate with voters increasingly anxious about their economic well-being. While their manifesto championed inclusivity, climate policy and social equity, it offered less in terms of concrete economic measures to address the financial struggles facing everyday Americans. This disconnect arguably cost them the election as voters obviously prioritised economic stability over idealistic visions of social change. The Democrats inability to address these bread-and-butter concerns may reflect a broader struggle within the party to balance progressive values with the immediate needs of a diverse electorate. For many voters, issues of inclusivity, though important, were secondary to the desire for a more robust economy. Internationally, Trumps re-election hyped as Trump 2.0 brings a renewed sense of unpredictability. Allies are likely reassessing their diplomatic strategies, particularly given Trumps previous stance on issues such as Nato (North Atlantic Treaty Organisation) funding, trade tariffs and foreign policy interventions. Many European nations, for instance, have expressed unease at his unilateral approach to international relations, fearing that a lack of cooperation could strain alliances that have historically provided stability. For countries such as China and Russia, however, Trumps win may signal a more predictable relationship as they understand and expect his pragmatic, sometimes isolationist stance. This could shift the balance of power globally, influencing trade agreements, security alliances and international treaties in ways that may reshape the geopolitical landscape. Domestically, Trumps support has been bolstered by an electorate increasingly disillusioned with traditional politics and desperate for a change that directly impacts their lives. The middle-class experience has been one of economic contraction, with fewer opportunities for advancement and a declining quality of life. Issues like stagnant wages, expensive healthcare and the high cost of education are immediate and pressing, and voters want politicians who promise real solutions rather than abstract ideals. Trump, with his promises of lower taxes, job growth and infrastructure improvements, presents a straightforward, though controversial, alternative. For many Americans, his policies seem to speak to their needs more directly than the Democratic platform, which is seen by some as detached from everyday struggles. In this political climate, morality and legality appear secondary to pragmatism and economic urgency. The electorates willingness to overlook Trumps legal controversies suggests a shift in values, where the demand for immediate action on economic issues overshadows concerns about personal integrity. While some critics argue that this acceptance undermines the democratic process by lowering standards of accountability, others contend that it reflects a deeper frustration with the political systems failure to address core issues. The growing emphasis on economic relief over character is indicative of an electorate willing to compromise on ethics for the promise of better living conditions. Trumps victory reveals a transformation within American society and perhaps a wider, global trend: the prioritisation of tangible outcomes over moral expectations. This election has shown that voters, when faced with economic hardship, may be more inclined to support a flawed leader who addresses their concerns than a morally upright one whose policies feel detached from their struggles. As we move forward, this dynamic raises critical questions about the future of democracy and the standards we hold for our leaders.

climate-vulnerable regions, serving populations who already lack access to basic healthcare or are deliberately excluded from it. The climate crisis is hitting them the hardest. We see this firsthand, with more people seeking care in our clinics. We can see how failures in climate action are creating ripple effects that are worsening healthcare outcomes in humanitarian settings. Adamo Armando Palame, an MSF health promotion supervisor in Mozambique explains it this way: Those who wonder what climate change looks like should come to Mozambique. We are bearing the brunt of actions by the worlds most polluting countries. We now have malaria all year round and we are struck by cyclone after cyclone. Climate change increases the risk of illnesses for vulnerable populations, both directly through harm from extreme weather events or the spread of vector-borne, waterborne and human-to-human communicable diseases and indirectly, by eroding social and economic coping mechanisms such as livelihoods, healthcare systems and access to water and sanitation. Communities most at risk often have the least capacity to adapt to the complex and compounding impacts of climate change while humanitarian responses to their growing needs become increasingly challenging. In South Sudan, an MSF team observed how unpredictable seasonal patterns and rains forced a usually sedentary community into semi-nomadism for survival, complicating the roll-out of a three round multiantigen vaccination campaign. Most of the 25 countries most vulnerable to climate change and least equipped to adapt are also affected by armed conflict. Recent analysis by the Peace Research Institute Oslo shows that state-based armed conflict is at its highest level in 30 years. With ongoing wars in Burkina Faso, Ethiopia, Gaza, Myanmar, Nigeria, Russia and Ukraine, Somalia, Sudan and Syria, this portends more suffering. Conflict instability and the politicisation of healthcare are compounding factors for communities already at risk from climate-driven disasters, as they struggle with inadequate infrastructure and limited preparedness and response capacity. In 2023, Cyclone Mocha the largest to hit Myanmar in a decade made landfall in Rakhine state, where many people have been internally displaced by ongoing conflict and are living in temporary shelters. Before the cyclone hit, thousands of people were already grappling with severe seasonal water shortages. Skin diseases, caused by lack of clean water for washing, accounted for 20% of our patient consultations during the dry season. The cyclone damaged essential infrastructure, and the contamination of the already limited water supply quickly followed. My MSF colleagues prioritised preventing waterborne diseases, distributing drinking water to 9,000 people per week and repairing damaged latrines and water systems. We also resumed our pre-disaster activities, including mobile primary health clinics and emergency medical referrals. But the response was only a fraction of what was needed and what could have been done. Why? Weeks after the cyclone, travel authorisations were still blocked, and when they were eventually granted, they were limited to activities pre-approved by military authorities. The military then demanded that aid groups hand over relief supplies for their own distribution, violating the principles of impartiality and neutrality in humanitarian assistance. In the past two years alone, my colleagues have responded to widespread flooding in Africas Sahel region and parts of Asia, severe tropical cyclones in Madagascar and Mozambique, and relentless heat and drought that have pushed millions to the brink of starvation in Somalia and Ethiopia. During the same period, we also responded to concurrent cholera outbreaks in more than 10 countries where poor access to clean water, inadequate sanitation and weak healthcare infrastructure were exacerbated by rising temperatures and intensifying cycles of floods and drought. According to the World Health Organisation (WHO), 35 countries experienced cholera outbreaks in 2023 13% more than in 2022. A deadly combination of malaria and malnutrition has kept our pediatric wards full across the Sahel region. In Chad, our teams now provide year-round prevention and treatment for malnutrition, instead of only during the seasonal peaks as we did before. From Niger to Mozambique, and from Honduras to Bangladesh, we are treating more patients for malaria and dengue as the vectors of these diseases mosquitoes adapt to new environmental conditions and migrate to previously unaffected areas due to climate change. This exposes more people to infection for longer periods. Dengue is the most common and particularly concerning. Today, over 3.9 billion people are estimated to be at risk, with that number likely to increase by another billion by 2050, according to the WHO. Dengue is already endemic in Southeast Asia, and MSF has successfully replicated some of the innovative vector-control methods trialled in Indonesia, Malaysia, Thailand and Vietnam in other regions. In Honduras, where more than 10,000 cases of dengue are reported annually, the transmission potential has increased significantly, and MSF teams have responded to seven outbreaks in the past 14 years. Traditional chemical vector-control methods are less effective now; mosquitoes have become resistant to them. Last year, MSF and the Honduran Health Ministry launched new vector-control studies, including a pilot of the Wolbachia method, similar to those conducted in Singapore and Southeast Asia. The mosquito population in a district of Tegucigalpa is being replaced with mosquitoes inoculated with the Wolbachia bacteria that blocks dengue viruses from replicating and helps reduce transmission. Previous studies in other endemic areas have shown that Wolbachia can reduce dengue transmission by up to 95%. The method appears to be environmentally safe, self-sustaining and cost-effective. I hope that trialling practical solutions in Southeast Asia, in ways that humanitarian groups like MSF can replicate elsewhere, becomes a hallmark of the future humanitarian landscape. This region has the potential to offer solutions for areas where institutions are often weaker or less reliable. Such efforts would be a powerful expression of solidarity through concrete action. Other steps should include producing and sharing knowledge to fill gaps. An MSF review of the latest assessment reports by the authoritative Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change highlighted that meningitis, snakebite, leishmaniasis, measles, Ebola and human African trypanosomiasis all climate-sensitive diseases and humanitarian health problems were under-reported or absent in the latest edition. While health does not feature prominently in international decision-making processes, it urgently needs to be at the centre of all multilateral climate negotiations, policies, commitments and action. This means bringing health organisations and stakeholders to the negotiating table. Southeast Asia can also play a significant role. Finally, coherence on planning for and responding to climate health emergencies is essential since efforts still often remain siloed, with little coordination and coherence across sectors perhaps most of all, in terms of funding. A key focus of COP29 will fall on finance, and we already see some countries choosing to cut humanitarian funding and divert that money to climate programming. This should not be. Coherent climate action must fill gaps and enhance humanitarian and development assistance, not be set up to compete with it. Christopher Lockyear is the secretary general of international medical humanitarian organisation Medecins Sans Frontieres/Doctors Without Borders. Comments: letters@thesundaily.com

mind as you work through it: Stay calm: Dealing with bickering children can feel like ninja-level parenting. Take a deep breath and remind yourself that you are teaching them essential skills for handling relationships and resolving conflicts skills they will need throughout life. It is important to take time to understand each daughters perspective, keeping in mind their ages and personalities. Listen and teach: Listen carefully to your children, help them identify the real issue, and involve them in finding solutions and setting consequences. For example, you could set up a system where, after five minutes of arguing, they can hire a parent for RM1 per minute to help them resolve the conflict. Encourage them to take turns listening, practise empathy (What is it like to be with me?), and ask themselves, What do I really want? These exercises can teach them to self-reflect and consider the other persons perspective. It will not always be perfect, but developing these skills takes time, and it will be a challenge for everyone. Provide consistent limits: If the children are being rude, mean or physical, it is important to intervene with consequences. For example, we have heard of families where the child acting as a bully has to clean the toilets, symbolising that the issue needs to be flushed out of the home. There are many other options for consequences as well, such as time-outs or losing privileges or toys though these should come with the opportunity to earn them back. Q: My wife and I dont argue frequently, but when we do, things tend to escalate quickly. I think we are both to blame one of us says something snarky, and the other responds with something angrier or louder, which just makes it worse. How can we prevent this from escalating and handle conflicts more calmly? Focus on the Family Malaysia: Most couples have experienced this escalating a disagreement without meaning to. A relationship expert I once heard called it climbing the crazy ladder. The idea is that fighting as a couple is like climbing an emotional ladder. It is easy to go up quickly, but coming down is much harder. Once an argument heats up, it becomes much more difficult to calm things down. Additionally, the higher you go, the more unstable things become. When a disagreement escalates, it only makes it harder to resolve the issue constructively. Couples are encouraged to avoid climbing the ladder for the sake of their marriage and, if they have children, for their well-being. Research shows that children exposed to chronic, poorly handled conflict can suffer lifelong emotional consequences. The best advice is to avoid climbing the crazy ladder in the first place. Instead, focus on staying calm, discussing differences rationally, and finding solutions that strengthen your relationship rather than weaken it. A good first step will be to simply acknowledge it: Honey, we are climbing the crazy ladder again. This article is contributed by Focus on the Family Malaysia, a non-profit organisation dedicated to supporting and strengthening the family unit. It provides a myriad of programmes and resources, including professional counselling services, to the community. For more information, visit family.org.my. Comments: letters@thesundaily.com

up when we arrive, and they thank us profusely for the food. For them, nothing is certain not even their next meal. It dawned on me how blessed I am to enjoy warm meals daily and sleep under a comfortable roof. Most of us take these basic necessities for granted, but for the homeless, these are lifes luxuries. The struggle is relentless. Without a permanent address, they do not possess the legitimacy that so many of us never even think about. They have no control over rain, scorching heat or constant noise from traffic. Hygiene is an ongoing battle, and many simply survive, taking one day at a time, with no certainty about the next. One memorable encounter was with a middle-aged homeless Indian lady at Jalan Melayu (near the Masjid Jamek LRT station). She spoke fluent English, was articulate and could easily be employed as a maid, a babysitter or in a restaurant helping with foreign tourists. Yet, despite her skills, she remains homeless. Why? This left me wondering what unseen barriers are keeping her and many like her from gainful employment and stability? It is easy to fall into the trap of judging the homeless. Many people see them lying around, sleeping through the day, and think they are lazy and good for nothing. Some litter the streets with discarded food packets, giving the impression that they do not care about civic responsibility. However, the reality is far more complex. Without access to basic facilities like water, electricity and hygiene, how can we expect them to live with the dignity and decorum that society demands? Some struggle with addiction or appear disengaged, but we need to ask ourselves - what drove them there? Is it fair to judge someone who spends their days just trying to survive the harshness of life on the streets? I have also noticed a shift in attitudes when giving money to the homeless. At times, when you give them RM10, they are grateful, but should you offer RM5 or even RM1, you may get a cold stare instead of a thank you. This reaction makes you wonder whether your acts of kindness are truly helping or if they are fostering a sense of entitlement. A well-intentioned idea is to pay forward at restaurants so the homeless can have their meals there. However, there is a dilemma would restaurant owners welcome a homeless person in tattered clothes, smelling of the streets? Would their presence deter other customers? These are practical questions that complicate even the best intentions. It is time we stop viewing the homeless through the lens of judgement and start seeing them as human beings who need help, understanding and compassion. They live in a world most of us will never experience. For them, surviving each day is a victory in itself. Coming from a humble background at Kampung Air Leleh in Malacca, my experience on the streets of Kuala Lumpur has shown me that while we can offer temporary relief, real change will only come when we address the root causes of homelessness and help restore their dignity. Pola Singh Volunteer Nanak Soup Kitchen

2022, he denounced Trump as a traitor to the West for praising Russian President Vladimir Putin. Immediately after Trumps victory, Rudd purged his personal and social media accounts of his anti-Trump posts. This action led Peter Dutton, Australias opposition leader, to predict that Rudd would follow up with further attempts to ingratiate himself with the new government. Hell be down at the tie shop, hed be buying up red ties, hed be buying red hats, hell be ordering those Maga (Make America Great Again) hats. He will do everything he can to ingratiate himself with the Trump campaign. So hes indefatigable, as we know. Options for Asean None of our leaders in Asean should engage in the behaviour that we are seeing from allies of the US, including from the Asian-Pacific region, in their efforts to apple-polish Trump and the new administration. Not only is there no need for Asean leaders to buy Maga merchandise, especially submarines and missile systems and to ingratiate themselves with the new US president, there is every reason for Asean member countries and leaders to uphold the organisations independent and non-aligned stance in the tumultuous era ahead. An important marker for Aseans foreign policy for the next four years has already been established by Prime Minister Datuk Seri Anwar Ibrahim. While congratulating Trump on his remarkable comeback victory, Anwar expressed the hope that Trumps victory would bring positive changes in geopolitics, particularly to end the conflicts in Gaza and Ukraine. We will welcome any positive stance by the United States towards peace, particularly efforts to halt Israels violent attacks on Gaza and to acknowledge the legitimate and inalienable rights of the Palestinian people. This call (Malaysia is the incoming chair of Asean in 2025) for the new US administration to change its war-oriented ideological position pursued by Joe Biden, and presently playing out in respect to the wars in Gaza and Ukraine, should not be regarded as unrealistic or futile. Although criticised by Western liberal media and think-tanks for his unpredictable ways and combustible foreign policy, Trump previously undertook an unprecedented peace initiative in dealing with North Korea and its leader Kim Jong Un. During his recent campaign, Trump repeatedly promised to bring an end to the war in Ukraine. It is possible that he will do the same in Gaza if there is strong and sustained pressure from his Western allies and the rest of the world. Standing up for Aseans core principles means standing up for regional peace and security. This is a position which Trump, even if he disagrees with it, should be willing to live with. Despite his election rhetoric of making America great again, he is ultimately a businessman and realist with bigger concerns and issues to deal with in America, Europe, the Middle East and China. Draining the deep state and Capital Hill swamp may be his biggest challenge, and will take up much of his time. This means that Asean will be relatively low and unimportant in his agenda. At the same time, the reality for Trumps hawkish foreign policy advisers is that Asean is a regional force that needs to be given due respect. With a larger population than North Americas, Asean, although a middle level power in geopolitics, is one of the worlds most diverse, fastest growing and competitive economic regions. Its combined gross domestic product of US$3.8 trillion (RM16.77 trillion) makes Asean the fifth largest economy in the world. During the period 2013-2022, Aseans economy grew at an annual rate of 4.2% and is expected to grow just as or more strongly in the coming decade. Should Trump want a stronger counterweight to China, his team will be out to solicit for Aseans support. The reality is also that if Trump wants to restore the US to a more respectable standing in this part of the world, he has to begin with the recognition that many in Asean possibly the great majority of the population do not see the US as a role model for democracy, freedom, human rights and a force for peace. This representation is regarded by most people, including Americans, as a hollow claim ceaselessly propagandised by the military-industrial-media complex. The prevailing dark view of the US in Southeast Asia is not only because of its military campaign in Vietnam, which spilled over into Laos and Cambodia and killed more than a million of the Indochinese population, but also due to the USs war record in the Middle East and elsewhere, and its support of the Israeli genocidal war in Gaza, which has adversely affected Muslims as well as other non-Western opinions of the US. Alignment preference With regard to China, which the Biden administration assessed as Americas greatest geopolitical and geoeconomic rival, a recent survey of the Iseas-Yusof Ishak Institute found that over half of Southeast Asians preferred alignment with China over the US. Its polling sample included respondents from the public and private sectors, and researchers and academics who are in a position to influence policy. If the poll numbers from the Philippines, the most pro-American among Asean nations because of its history and the large population of Filipinos with relatives in the US or dependent for their livelihood on US military bases in the Philippines, are discounted, the finding would be more lopsided in favour of China. Policy advisers of president-elect Trump will do well to point out to him that more than 40% of the population of Southeast Asia are Muslims. The way for Trump to make America better - great is in many ways a hopeless ambition is to focus on dealing with the domestic issues that divide US society. It is not to engage in efforts to enforce the primacy of a nation whose pre-eminent standing in the world has been irretrievably lost. Trumps exclusion of Nikki Haley and Mike Pompeo, well known war hawks, in his new administration is a hopeful sign that he may, against all expectations, help build a peace-oriented road for the US in its foreign policy so as to embellish his place in history. Lim Teck Ghees Another Take is aimed at demystifying social orthodoxy. Comments: letters@thesundaily.com

is stored in cylinders, the pressure can reach up to 3,000 pounds per square inch (psi) an extremely high pressure compared to the typical 2,500 psi found in industrial oxygen gas cylinders. Most cylinders used in natural gas vehicles are fibre-wrapped aluminum cylinders designed specifically for storing natural gas. These cylinders do not have a fixed lifespan. Industrial gas cylinders undergo hydrostatic testing every five years. During these tests, the cylinders are thoroughly inspected for internal and external damage. If the cylinder meets the acceptable standards, it is then subjected to a pressure 1.5 times its rated filling pressure. Once it passes the test, the cylinder is returned to service for another five years. In some gas manufacturing facilities, certain cylinders are decades old. I do not think many NGV owners realise that they are required to conduct regular hydrostatic tests on their cylinders. Since the natural gas cylinder is constantly on the road and subjected to vibrations and movement, it is essential for owners to regularly check it for potential gas leaks. The industrial gas industry does not recommend transporting gas cylinders in automobiles, as is the case with NGV. Gas cylinders are typically transported in open vehicles like trucks, where any potential gas leaks can be safely dispersed into the open air. In an automobile, leaked gas becomes trapped inside the vehicle. Since methane is odourless, a gas leak can go unnoticed, potentially leading to the accumulation of an explosive atmosphere. Additionally, natural gas cylinders in NGV are often secured in the trunk or behind the back seat. In the event of a rear-end collision, the gas cylinder may absorb much of the impact. If the cylinders integrity is compromised, it could rupture, leading to a potentially catastrophic explosion. The hazards associated with NGV are real, and halting their use is a wise decision. Kudos to Petronas for phasing out their natural gas refuelling stations, effective July 1, 2025, to discontinue the use of natural gas in NGV. Wong Soo Kan Petaling Jaya

stop bullying from recurring, we must dig deeper and examine the root causes that allow it to thrive in the first place. It is not easy, admittedly, but it is essential. The first step is to closely examine the environment in which students exist. For many of us who spent time in dormitories during university or boarding schools, bullying may not have been a part of our experience. I believe the difference lies in the environment itself. When students feel valued, supported and given room to grow, there is less space for aggression, frustration or power struggles. In these environments, each individual has a chance to shine, and competition does not turn into cruelty. A positive environment not only discourages bullying behaviour, but prevents it by giving each student a sense of purpose and respect that overcomes the need to undermine others. Creating this type of environment at our institutions will not happen overnight. It requires a commitment to making students feel that they are a valued part of a community, thus allowing them to channel their energy into constructive pursuits and achievements. We must go beyond academic excellence to also invest in creating inclusive, supportive environments, where empathy, respect and collaboration become a lifestyle, not just lip service. These values are what will help build emotionally resilient students who see one another as peers, not as threats or opponents. Secondly, and equally important to creating the right environment, is the ability to understand the unique challenges young people face during these transformative, coming-of-age years. Youth is often a period marked by major physical, emotional and psychological changes, often mixed with an intense need for validation, acceptance and recognition. I believe that sometimes, bullying does not arise out of ill intent but from a misguided attempt to fit in, assert identity or climb social ranks. While adults may overlook this as typical teenage angst, these deep-rooted needs can lead young people to act in destructive ways. Guiding young people through these pressures should be a shared responsibility. Parents, teachers, administrators and the community need to collaborate to develop a supportive framework that helps young individuals build self-awareness and emotional resilience, especially in a multicultural society like ours. Speaking from 17 years of experience working with university students in the residential colleges (what we call student hostels at Universiti Malaya), I believe that understanding the anxieties of youths and offering guidance does not necessarily require specialised training. It calls for a commitment to active listening, patience and empathy. Wardens and dormitory supervisors can be trained to spot early signs of distress or aggression and even minor tensions that if unchecked can escalate into more serious incidents. Recognising these signals early allows for timely intervention and support, preventing what may appear as minor conflicts from growing into harmful situations. Encouraging positive social bonds To build a long-lasting solution, we need to create a culture that values empathy and inclusion. A witch hunt for every individual involved in bullying cases will not necessarily solve the issue. Real and sustainable change lies in creating a community where every student understands the importance of respect and emotional intelligence. By nurturing empathy and self-awareness, institutions can help young people form bonds rooted in mutual respect rather than hierarchy and dominance. This kind of culture will not erase the natural rivalries of youth but will help to ensure that these rivalries remain healthy and non-destructive. The path forward will not be easy, but it is one that we must take together. Ending bullying is not about labelling students as bad and seeking retribution; it is about building a safer compassionate educational experience. Schools, parents and communities must work hand-in-hand to create environments that celebrate each students strengths, help them channel their energy positively and constructively, and support them in moments of confusion or frustration. I have seen that when students feel acknowledged, supported and heard, they are far less likely to turn to harmful behaviours. In The Kite Runner , Khaled Hosseini explores themes of redemption and the courage required to do what is right, even when it is difficult. Perhaps the lesson here is similar: preventing bullying will take effort, courage and a willingness to change our approach. However, the result a generation that values respect over dominance is totally worth it. Ir Dr Nahrizul Adib Kadri is an associate professor of biomedical engineering at the Faculty of Engineering, and the principal of Ibnu Sina Residential College, Universiti Malaya. Comments: letters@thesundaily.com

threat to the values our proud nation has fought for that all Malaysians are equal. It disturbs me that in this day and age, there are still those who resort to racism and sink so low as to call a fellow worker black. It is demeaning to label a person as black just because of the persons skin colour, and such a horrid act should not go unpunished. As a fellow Malaysian, regardless of religion, I am appalled by such an act and call upon our unity minister to look into this matter and put an end to such practices. It is our unity that has brought us this far, and now it is time to weed out those who still practise racism and eliminate this culture. Another reported incident recently highlighted by NUBE involved a woman who was allegedly sexually harassed and bullied, only to be abruptly dismissed a day before Deepavali. The banks excuse that she was dismissed for failing to attend an internal inquiry is utterly pathetic. Instead, the bank should have offered the victim support and counselling after she endured years of sexual harassment. According to reports, it is alleged that the perpetrator demanded she sleep with him and even sent her lewd pictures of himself. Is the bank condoning sexual discrimination? The minister responsible must take immediate action to put an end to such harassment. Sexual harassment cases must not go unchecked, as they remain a significant issue for many. According to the All Womens Action Society, such cases are on the rise. If these cases are reported but go unpunished, it will embolden more perpetrators to become increasingly daring in victimising women. The two alleged incidents are deeply shocking and should be unequivocally condemned by our society. The relevant ministers and authorities must not turn a blind eye to this issue and must take immediate action to put an end to such practices. Sarah Ibrahim Daud Shah Alam

circles of relationship. From Islam, we learn that we need to organise ourselves into a unified citizenry to shape a new era of global ethical governance. Anwars remarks are timely as Malaysia has sunk into a deep moral crisis, and everyone needs to realise that if this crisis stays unresolved, it will cripple our nation. It is the crisis of dishonesty. Johan Jaafar, a renowned journalist, had written two years ago: Some believe integrity, the very foundation of honesty and consistency of character, is fast evaporating. We have changed as a nation, sadly not for the better. Dishonesty is a virus that is endangering the future of the nation. Imagine the consequences if every member of a family is dishonest: spouses are dishonest with each other, and as parents they are dishonest with their children. In turn, children are dishonest with their parents and siblings. The family will break up. This is Malaysias fate if we fail to eliminate the web of dishonesty before it enwraps us all in its coils like a million-tentacled monster. The lack of honest responsibility infects the public and private sectors as well as their hybrid entities the government-linked companies (GLC) and government-linked investment companies (GLIC). Let us start by examining the visible signs of dishonesty within the public sector. Almost all of our cities have one common feature: unrepaired potholes and road depressions. It may take months for local councils to act, and when contractors are hired, they frequently use substandard materials. But why is it dishonest for civil servants to be slow in addressing these issues? Officers are paid to be productive, and not to slack. Delays cost money, and the cost is unmeasured because vehicle repair expenses are borne by vehicle owners. Many road users have suffered vehicle damage, bodily injuries, and some have even lost their lives due to long-unrepaired potholes and road iron covers that sit lower than the road surface. Little effort is made to raise these iron covers, which sink over time due to cracks in the surrounding concrete or when the road is resurfaced. Walk through most of our cities and notice the poor maintenance that characterises many public buildings, infrastructure and amenities. The upkeep of drains is particularly appalling. Litter on public streets and sidewalks often remains uncollected for weeks and months, yet cleaning service contractors are routinely paid their monthly fees. Isnt this blatant dishonesty? Lately, it has been revealed that the C-suites of some GLC and GLIC routinely enjoy fully paid luxury overseas holidays regardless of whether their companies outperform or underperform. Are these legitimate job rewards? Let us turn to the private sector. Everywhere you look, the monster of dishonesty is prowling. Our cities are dotted with Peoples Housing Projects, yet many residents fail to pay the low maintenance fees, despite having Astro and owning cars. We have not yet addressed fraud and tax evasion, but now we must turn to one of the most insidious forms of dishonesty, second only to political corruption: scams. All our lives are being touched by scams. If you have not been a victim, and do not know anyone who has, it simply means your turn has not come. In 2022, RM804 million was lost to scammers, and the figure surged to RM1.34 billion last year, according to the Communications and Digital Ministry. In 2023, a total of 33,235 scam cases were reported to the National Scam Response Centre. The government believes the actual losses may be higher, as many cases were reported directly to the police. Victims have fallen prey to telecommunication scams, financial fraud, love scams, e-commerce scams, fake loans and bogus investments. Many have lost their life savings. Complaints about investment scams shot up by over 300% between 2019 and 2023, the Securities Commission revealed last week. Nearly RM1 billion has been lost to investment scammers so far this year. The notorious scam, long known as the macao scam, may be more accurately described as the jail scam because the tactic used is to frighten victims into believing they have committed a crime and will be detained in jail. Last years victims included many people in their 40s, 50s and 60s, and one person in his 20s. Among them were teachers and lecturers, managers, analysts, doctors, farmers, engineers, pensioners and civil servants. The standard tactic involves a junior scammer posing as an official from a government ministry, such as the tax department, courier company, shipping company, bank, post office, insurance company or similar. You are informed that your name has appeared in a suspicious document. Once you express concern, two senior scammers will take over, pretending to be a police sergeant and an inspector. They claim that a crime has been committed in your name and a warrant for your arrest has been issued, with detention pending investigation. The good guy sergeant offers you a way out the usual one, of course: transferring large sums of money to several bank accounts. A tragedy occurred at the end of last year when a 95-year-old retired civil servant, who had been scammed out of RM18,000, became deeply distressed. His health rapidly deteriorated and he passed away. The scammers are a multiethnic force of locals. We know this because they are able to speak any language that their victims are most comfortable with. Backing up the scammers are large networks of collaborators with jobs that grant them access to databases, and who sell personal details, including phone numbers. Around 73% of mobile phone numbers used by approximately 20 million people in Malaysia have been leaked or sold to scammers. Another network of collaborators are bank account holders who rent or sell their accounts to scammers. These accounts then become mule accounts to which scam victims are asked to transfer their money. Three months ago, the federal Commercial Crime Investigation Department disclosed that it had identified over 208,000 mule accounts linked to online scams and commercial crime activities. These two networks cannot exist unless those in higher positions let it happen. Negligence is a form of dishonesty because superior officers are paid to remain vigilant. The underlying reason for the spread of dishonesty is the erosion of the nations cooperative spirit. Honesty and cooperation are closely intertwined; honesty fosters trust, which is essential for effective cooperation. Trust signals reliability, encouraging others to cooperate, knowing they are dealing with fellow citizens who value truthfulness. In the formative years of civilisation, religion and politics were the twin foundational pillars of society. State religions developed public rituals to ensure that the honesty and cooperative behaviour that once bound members of small hunter-gatherer tribes together as one family would persist, despite the large, unrelated populations characteristic of urban societies. However, these same rituals are conducted today as mere requirements for obtaining a passport to heaven in the afterlife. All our religions are now mired in ritualistic shows of loyalty to God and conformity to set practices. Although there are nine prominent religions in Malaysia Islam, Buddhism, Christianity, Hinduism, Sikhism, Taoism, Confucianism, Jainism and the Bahai Faith they have failed to mould a united front to uphold cooperative behaviour. Many religions have exploited the nations multifaith diversity to expand their membership in line with supremacist leanings, competing with other religions instead of bonding as one genre to provide high standards of honesty and cooperative behaviour for all citizens. Such rivalry undermines trust. One common occurrence demonstrates this self-centredness. We are used to labelling the people of other religions as unbelievers or non-believers despite every citizen professing to uphold the first principle of the Rukunegara Belief in God. They should be called friends. By maintaining their traditional conservatism instead of forging a united front, our religions have created a moral vacuum that allows the web of dishonesty to spread over society. Abundant sociohistorical evidence points to the conclusion that without trust and cooperation, a nation will perish. The writer champions interfaith harmony. Comments: letters@thesundaily.com

investment and innovative technologies. Prime Minister Datuk Seri Anwar Ibrahims visit to Berlin in March was not just ceremonial; it highlighted the importance of international collaboration and technology transfer in supporting Malaysias renewable energy goals. Global partnerships are essential for advancing the nations energy future. Malaysias Renewable Energy Roadmap aims for 31% of the countrys power capacity to come from renewable sources by 2025 and for carbon emissions to be reduced by 45% by 2030. As of 2022, renewable energy capacity has grown to over 9,000 megawatts a 50% increase since 2013. However, renewable sources only produced 3.1 terawatt-hours of electricity, compared with 77.3 terawatt-hours from coal. Clearly, there is room for growth. Imagine a seamless flow of electrons from renewable sources such as solar and wind into the national grid. These sources are often in remote areas, far from the high-demand city centres. The challenge is transporting this energy efficiently and ensuring a stable supply despite the variable nature of renewables. Intermittency, the fluctuation in energy production from sources like solar and wind, can cause instability in the power grid, which traditionally relies on consistent output from fossil fuels. If the grid is not ready to handle these fluctuations, it could lead to blackouts or energy shortages. To avoid stranding existing assets, Malaysia can repurpose peaker plants or retired thermal power plants using the Rotating Grid Stabiliser solution. This cost-effective solution ensures a reliable energy supply during the transition. Stabilising voltage and frequency with synchronous condensers enhances the grids reliability, making it easier to integrate renewable energy. This approach supports the grid and maximises existing infrastructure, making the transition more practical and economically viable. As mentioned, some sources of energy are far from high-demand city centres. This is not just a challenge for Malaysia but for the entire Southeast Asia. Efficient energy transport would ensure secure energy for Malaysia and nearby countries, making the region more resilient. The Asean Grid ambition aims to create an interconnected electricity system among member states. By developing this integrated network, we can enhance energy security, promote renewable energy use and ensure a more reliable power supply across borders. Long-distance power transmission requires a strong grid infrastructure. High-Voltage Direct Current (HVDC) technology can efficiently transmit large amounts of power over long distances with minimal energy loss. Think of HVDC as a superhighway for electricity. This technology will allow Malaysia to export surplus renewable energy to neighbouring countries like Singapore, fostering regional cooperation and energy security. Modernising the grid with HVDC will enhance Malaysias energy system, allowing it to accommodate more renewable energy and reduce environmental impact. This interconnected grid will support Malaysias renewable energy goals and set a precedent for sustainable development in the region. However, these goals come with challenges. The energy sector is still developing and needs substantial investments up to US$10.8 billion (RM47.33 billion) for solar PV alone. There is also a lack of awareness about the financial returns on these investments, which can hinder progress. Public-private partnerships, supported by a strong regulatory framework, can help overcome these obstacles. Key actions include improving the financing landscape, reducing project approval times and ensuring policy transparency. We recognise the complexities of this transition. With every step, we can make progress. Malaysias journey will involve expanding renewable energy use, transforming conventional power, strengthening electrical grids, securing the supply chain and driving industrial decarbonisation. Each action contributes to a greener Malaysia. Thorbjorn Fors is the group senior vice president and managing director of Asia Pacific Siemens Energy. Comments: letters@thesundaily.com

scholars is still curtailed by Act 605. The developments at Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia and the continued existence of legislation that can be used against critical voices within academia should be taken seriously by the academic community and academic unions nationwide. We cannot allow academic freedom a cornerstone of the intellectual tradition to be so easily stifled. Academic freedom must be preserved, defended and enshrined in law. In this context, it is crucial to remember that every Oct 5, Malaysia celebrates Academia Day, an annual reminder to appreciate the contributions and struggles of academics worldwide. On this significant day, stakeholders such as the government, higher education institutions and academic unions should redouble their efforts to uphold and promote the principle of academic freedom. Academia Day is not merely a celebration of knowledge but a reminder to ensure that the rights of academics continue to be respected and protected. As public servants are paid with taxpayers money, the views of academics should be publicly accessible to the people. The public has a right to hear their criticisms, research findings and direct commentaries on policies and decisions that affect the nation. In todays post-modern era, social media serves as a platform for both local and international academics to constructively express their views on national policies. If these voices are silenced, all that remains is content that does not contribute to the nations development, such as shallow entertainment or sensational issues of no value. Academics do not merely engage in idle chatter; they share research findings funded by public grants, using validated research instruments to critique and improve existing systems. For instance, academics are among the critical voices that are actively voicing concerns about the state of the countrys education system based on the findings of their research, using the CIPP (Context, Input, Process and Product) model of curriculum evaluation. Academics are specifically trained to think critically and analytically, and they are accountable for whatever they produce as my PhD supervisor once reminded me, Question everything, even the accepted wisdom. If this critical thinking is stifled, it is a waste of public funds that finance the higher education of these scholars. Returning to Sachs lecture, our nation will not be able to produce scholars of his calibre if the mouths and hands of our academics are tied by restrictive laws and regulations. Therefore, academic freedom should be enshrined in stronger laws, such as amendments to the Universities and University Colleges Act. Certainly other academics and I welcome the statement by Higher Education Minister Datuk Seri Dr Zambry Abdul Kadir, who supports the amendment of Act 605, and we are aware that this amendment effort has gone through important processes as initiated by former education minister Dr Maszlee Malik. Therefore, it should not take long to implement. This is important so that there are no more circulars or instructions from higher education institutions that attempt to silence legitimate dissent. If local academics are prevented from voicing their opinions and criticisms for the good of the nation, then there is no point in talking about efforts to educate the people. Without academic freedom, we will not be able to produce academic figures of the calibre of Sachs, Professor Joseph Stiglitz or Professor Noam Chomsky, who dare to go against the grain and champion the truth. Freedom of expression for academics is the cornerstone of a nations intellectual and moral development. If we want this country to produce outstanding scholars, we must loosen the bonds of restrictive regulations. Only with true academic freedom can we ensure that the nations intellectual future continues to grow and be competitive on the international stage. The writer is a senior lecturer at the Department of Building Surveying, Faculty of Built Environment, Universiti Malaya. Comments: letters@thesundaily.com

soap factories in Liverpool. In later years, the supplies increased from Malaysia and Indonesia. Although the business had lost its role as an exporter, it was still an important supplier for the country. Certainly, the community benefited from Unilevers presence, employing a population that had experienced not only poverty but also diseases and epidemics such as AIDS and malaria. Probably even Dr Steve Watson, the director of that region for Unilever Plantations, did not know that I would be installed that day as chief of the village. It was likely the work of the chef de personnel , an ambitious person from the area. The people were waiting around an open circle with a stool placed in the middle of the sandy floor. I was invited to sit on the stool and as soon as the drums began to beat, the chief stepped up with gifts, including three arrows, a drum made of antelope skin and, to top it all, a fly whisk that he placed in my hand. It was a symbol of power. The chiefs hands shook slightly. You are the chief of this whole village and we are your people now. In your absence, I will be your assistant chief and I will take care of all affairs until your return. This was said in the Kikongo language, translated into French by the chef de personnel in a loud and unnecessarily lengthy manner to impress everyone, as I looked around me, and then translated into English by Dr Watson. He was a Scot who had worked with me in Pamol Sabah and was now in charge of areas extending to the Kasai River. For the next few days, I travelled with him to see the other plantations, at Mapangu and Bongimba, and I was warned in advance to take my pills against malaria. In Kikwit, I was reminded of the real risk when I visited a young Belgian engineer at the company rest-house. He lay in bed, shivering. A transport was arranged to take him to Kinshasa. But soon after I returned home to Cobham in Surrey, I developed a fever and my body shook. It went on for a few days. When I became delirious, Maznah took me back to the clinic and suggested to the young doctor: It could be malaria treatment that he needs. The young doctor changed the medicine. Probably malaria cases were rare in that small town before. I stopped shivering but still felt feeble when I returned to the office. Waiting for me were a few messages. The first, with regret, informed me that the young engineer had died before he arrived in Brussels. The others concerned changes in top management. In Malaysia, Pamol had a new chairman who came from Unilevers factories side and had not previously seen a plantation. It was a time when many businesses were struggling. This was a period that followed diversification a mantra that didnt always work ending with the cutting off of parts that were considered non-core. The heroes of the day were directors who boasted about the number of managers they had laid off. In Unilevers case, the company decided to slot excess managers where it could and Pamol was not excluded. The process had shifted from selecting people experienced in plantations. This shift confirmed the fears that deterred managers from accepting overseas assignments, uncertain if they could return. In my case, I had been based in London for three years. Leslie Davidson had asked the personnel department to send me an offer letter for the position of managing director in Cameroon. Barry Mack, who was there, had resigned for health reasons. I had discussed this with Maznah and her answer was simple: When you were sick, I sat by your bed each day, thinking how I might have to pull the children out of school and bring your body home in a box. I dont want that stress anymore. I had to refuse the job. The next offer was to be the director of personnel in DR Congo for Unilever, with its vast business there. The significant hardship allowance was tempting. I was to take over the role from Colin Bewick. I remembered supporting John Dodd, the plantations director, who had insisted on Colins departure. I had no idea that one day Id be in this situation. Maznahs response was the same: Lets go home and you can look for another job. I spoke to Leslie Davidson. We remained close friends, but I knew that with the way head office operated, the decisions werent his alone. Go with Maznah and the children and stay for a month in Kuala Lumpur. See if you can find a job there. Ill see what I can do. On the long flight back, I had much to think about. The three children were on school holiday and although glad to be on a plane, they didnt fully understand what was happening. Soon I would be jobless. I felt powerless. Even the fly whisk I kept at home couldnt help me now. The writer has extensive experience in the management of oil palm plantations. Comments: letters@thesundaily.com

boarding schools. It is a ritual of bullying and humiliation that has long been wielded as a tool for enforcing hierarchical dominance and conformist obedience. The prevalence of such practices, even in post-colonial, democratic societies like Malaysia, is not merely an anachronism but a stark contradiction to the principles of egalitarianism and care that should underpin modern educational systems. I remember how it was so prevalent in the sixties when we were in sixth form as well as in the universities. Origins of ragging/bullying: An elite tradition of oppression Ragging finds its roots in the so-called prestigious institutions of Victorian England Eton, Harrow and Winchester where the upper classes refined a system of abuse disguised as character-building. The concept of fagging emerged in these schools to establish a rigid social hierarchy among boys, where younger students were essentially forced into servitude by older ones. The practice was framed as a means of instilling discipline and preparing young men for leadership roles. In reality, it was a mechanism to perpetuate elitism, dominance and subservience indoctrinating children into a culture of abuse under the guise of tradition. When these elite practices were exported to colonial territories, they were often adopted by local institutions eager to emulate the supposed prestige of their British overlords. In this way, ragging became an insidious form of cultural imperialism, embedding colonial power structures within the social fabric of post-colonial nations. The toxic legacy in post-colonial societies In countries like Malaysia and other former British colonies, ragging has been adopted and adapted, often becoming even more extreme and violent than its original form. In military academies and universities, what began as a series of petty humiliations has escalated into physical, sexual and psychological abuse. There is a perverse justification offered for this brutality: that it fosters camaraderie, resilience and esprit de corps . Yet the reality is far more disturbing. The sheer brutality of these practices has led to multiple instances of severe injury, trauma and even death. In Malaysia, there have been numerous cases of young cadets and students suffering injuries that have left them physically and emotionally scarred for life. The veneer of tradition masks the fact that ragging is simply systematic bullying, an exercise in power and control that normalises the abuse of the vulnerable. We have just seen yet another bullying case at the National Defence University where a 19-year-old cadet was allegedly stomped on by a senior, fracturing his spine and ribs. Last month, a hot iron was pressed on the chest of a student at a military university, just months after courts handed the death penalty to six former students over the killing of a fellow cadet at the institution. There have been other cases such as J. Soosaimanicckam, a 27-year-old navy cadet officer, who died of homicide at the KD Sultan Idris Lumut naval base on May 19, 2018. Beyond universities, bullying is also on the rise in public schools. Nearly 5,000 cases of bullying were reported over the first 10 months of 2023, according to the latest data from the Education Ministry, a sharp rise from 3,887 cases for the whole of 2022. Failure of institutional accountability The persistence of ragging is compounded by the complicity of educational institutions, which often turn a blind eye to the abuse, framing it as a rite of passage. Administrators and faculty, many of whom are former students of the same institutions, perpetuate a culture of silence. This lack of accountability only emboldens the perpetrators, creating an environment where victims feel powerless to speak out. Military academies are notorious for their strict hierarchical structure, which leaves little room for dissent. The emphasis on blind obedience and unquestioning discipline suppresses the voices of those who are most affected. The rhetoric of toughening up young recruits masks the reality that many leave these academies with lifelong trauma, not strengthened resolve. In this way, the very institutions tasked with building national character are guilty of undermining the values of respect, empathy and human dignity. Call for cultural, institutional reform It is both ironic and tragic that post-colonial nations like Malaysia, which fought for independence and the promise of a fair and just society, continue to perpetuate a colonial legacy that embodies the worst aspects of imperial rule. Ragging and its equivalents are antithetical to the values that should define modern, democratic societies. Instead of reinforcing outdated and oppressive traditions, Malaysia should be leading the way in promoting caring, compassionate and egalitarian values in its educational and military institutions. A modern educational system should focus on mentorship, mutual respect and leadership through empathy rather than through intimidation and violence. The true strength of a society lies not in its ability to produce individuals hardened by abuse but in its capacity to cultivate individuals who are resilient, confident and empathetic because they have been nurtured, not beaten down. By fostering a culture of inclusivity and care, Malaysia can become a beacon of progress in a world where too many institutions are still mired in the shadows of a brutal, colonial past. Conclusion It is time to consign ragging to the dustbin of history where it belongs. This practice, born of elitist arrogance and colonial condescension, has no place in the educational institutions of a modern, independent nation. Instead of clinging to the trappings of colonial tradition, Malaysia should embrace its role as a leader in creating an educational environment that promotes equality, dignity and mutual respect. By doing so, it can offer its youth something far more valuable than the scars of ritualistic abuse: the chance to learn and grow in an environment free from fear and filled with the promise of genuine support and solidarity. It is time we banned this hideous practice in our institutions once and for all. Kua Kia Soong is a former MP and director of Suaram. Comments: letters@thesundaily.com

investment and commodities. Trump is anticipated to continue protectionist policies that prioritise US jobs and domestic production. His proposal to impose a 10% import tariff on all goods entering the US aims to reduce reliance on foreign products and bolster domestic manufacturing. Additionally, Trumps plan to impose tariffs as high as 60% on Chinese products could have significant implications for Malaysia, one of the major exporters of electronic products and components to the US. If high tariffs are applied to Chinese goods, Malaysian products incorporating Chinese components could also be impacted, potentially diminishing US demand for Malaysian exports. While this situation presents risks, it also provides opportunities as companies diversify supply chains away from China. Malaysia benefitted from the China+1 strategy during Trumps first term, as exports to the US increased amid US-China trade tensions. Malaysias semiconductor industry, a focus of large investments from multinational companies such as Intel and Infineon, may continue to attract interest as a stable manufacturing base. Currently, Malaysia holds around 13% of the global market in chip packaging and testing, making it a favourable location for companies seeking to expand operations outside of China. These conditions indicate Malaysias potential to further establish itself as a manufacturing hub if it can maintain political stability and investor-friendly economic policies. The energy sector is also likely to be affected. Trumps pro-oil stance could lead to increased US production and exports of fossil fuels. Should global oil prices rise, Malaysia, as an oil exporter, stands to benefit from higher national revenue. However, rising oil prices also carry inflationary risks, as increased energy costs could drive up production costs and consumer prices domestically. While the energy sector may gain, higher energy costs could pressure consumer purchasing power and escalate operational costs for local industries. To maximise these potential gains, Malaysia will need to balance these impacts on the consumer sector and ensure monetary policies support price stability. The Malaysian commodity sector, particularly palm oil, faces potential challenges as well. During Trumps first term, the US imposed import restrictions on Malaysian palm oil companies such as FGV Holdings and Sime Darby Plantation over allegations of forced labour. These restrictions affected Malaysian palm oil exports to the US, reducing revenue and harming the countrys image as a responsible producer. Should similar policies persist, Malaysia will need to strengthen sustainable labour practices and meet international standards to retain access to global markets and protect its reputation as an ethical producer. Trumps policies could bring added uncertainty to Malaysias capital markets and the ringgits value. With US interest rates currently at 4.75%-5.00%, any influence Trump may exert on the Federal Reserve to raise rates could lead global investors to favour US assets, potentially causing capital outflows from Malaysia. In 2023, Malaysia saw a 6.8% decline in foreign equity inflows, and the ringgit depreciated by around 8% against the US dollar. This shift reduces liquidity in local capital markets, and foreign investors may approach Malaysian equities with greater caution, especially if Trumps policies introduce additional tariffs or trade restrictions. As demand for the US dollar rises, the ringgit may face continued downward pressure. A weaker ringgit could increase import costs, particularly in vital sectors like food and technology, compounding domestic inflationary pressures, which currently stand at 2.8%. To address these challenges, Malaysia needs a strong risk management strategy to maintain market stability and support the ringgit amid growing uncertainties. In addition, Trumps protectionist stance may directly impact Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) into Malaysia. As a manufacturing hub in Southeast Asia, Malaysia could see reduced FDI if the US pursues an aggressive stance on countries with significant trade surpluses. Trumps emphasis on protecting US jobs and domestic economic interests may lead to decreased investment from US companies in Malaysia. Concurrently, prolonged US-China trade tensions could make investors more cautious about Malaysia, which may be perceived as politically and economically vulnerable. Any decline in FDI could affect job creation, technology growth and Malaysias long-term economic stability. Furthermore, Trumps victory raises concerns about the future of the US-led Indo-Pacific Economic Framework (Ipef). Trump has previously expressed a desire to withdraw from trade agreements like Ipef, which he sees as another TPP. If this happens, Malaysia may face challenges in maintaining market access and regional economic integration. To prepare, Malaysia must diversify its trade partnerships, strengthen local industries and foster growth in resilient sectors. Malaysias involvement in Ipef reflects its commitment to regional economic integration, which could help mitigate the negative effects of US protectionist policies. In summary, Trumps victory could have significant implications for Malaysias economy. Protectionist policies and prolonged trade tensions could disrupt global supply chains, increase market uncertainty and challenge Malaysias economic growth. Malaysia must be prepared with sustainable and adaptable strategies to tackle these challenges while capitalising on emerging opportunities to maintain economic resilience amid an increasingly complex global landscape. The writer is a researcher and Islamic Finance consultant. Comments: letters@thesundaily.com

When their first son arrived, he slept through the night, loved to be held and routinely wore a big smile. Then he became a toddler, and his pleasant disposition vanished. That is when the Joels realised parenting is a lot like gardening. The analogy illustrates that we plant seeds of love in our children so their lives will grow and flourish. But as anyone who tends the soil can tell you, positive results do not happen overnight. Success requires consistent attention and labour, rain or shine. And it is not just the seeds you plant that sprout there are weeds to be dealt with as well. As they discovered, weeds can take many forms in our childrens lives, from negative cultural influences to selfishness that screams its all about me! These things often choke out the positive seeds of love and encouragement we are trying to spur towards growth. That is why we need to dig beneath the surface of an issue to see lasting change. If we ignore the weeds, they will only grow deeper and become harder to uproot. Raising children is not always easy, but with your loving care and your willingness to confront the negative influences that threaten their well-being, your child can develop into an adult of maturity and character. Q: My wife and I have enjoyed being part of a close-knit circle of friends for a few years, but lately, we feel like something is missing as if life has become a bit stagnant. We would like to branch out somehow and build new friendships, but we are not sure where to start. What would you suggest? Focus on the Family Malaysia: We have heard that if couples are married long enough, they start to look like one another. We are not sure if that is true but couples do often look like the other couples they hang out with. It may feel more comfortable to be friends with someone who is just like you, but you are depriving your marriage of a great chance to grow. Relating to someone in the same place in life as you or who has common interests is easy. You can empathise with each other about career challenges, share the highs and lows of parenting or compare favourite music, movies and hobbies. But we would suggest another perspective. There is tremendous value in spending time with one or more couples who are different from you. An older couple can share their years of wisdom with a younger couple and help them develop some long-term stability in their marriage. Younger couples have a lot to offer too. They can bring a sense of energy to the friendship or help an older couple feel younger revived in their relationship. To add a deeper layer of richness to your marriage, try to build a friendship with another couple who does not see life the same way as you. Their different perspective can challenge you to grow. It just may create the spark you need to strengthen your marriage for years to come. And hopefully, you will do the same for them. This article is contributed by Focus on the Family Malaysia, a non-profit organisation dedicated to supporting and strengthening the family unit. It provides a myriad of programmes and resources, including professional counselling services, to the community. For more information, visit family.org.my. Comments: letters@thesundaily.com

they will be feeling and reacting differently. They are also likely to be afraid of what will now follow. The explanation is not far to find. Though portrayed in Western media as offering vastly different visions of the US for the next four years as well as being diametrically opposed in their foreign policy objectives, Kamala Harris and Donald Trump concur in adherence to the slogan made famous by Trump: that is to Make America Great Again (Maga). It is a slogan that Democrat party leaders embrace just as strongly but would rather not let the rest of the world be aware of or knowledgeable about. How will Maga impact US foreign policy? Post-election, the Maga agenda will be pushed hard and at the expense of the interests and concerns of the rest of the world. Maga foreign policy impact will be felt not only by countries that the US sees as rivals and enemies China, Russia, North Korea, Iran, Cuba, Afghanistan, Pakistan, Serbia, Venezuela, Belarus and others. It will also inflict costs on allies including Canada, European Union nations, Ukraine, United Kingdom, Australia, New Zealand, Japan, South Korea, and a few others such as the Philippines, previously provided with generous financial and military support by a moneyed and powerful benefactor, which is now relatively impoverished and less influential. Countries not hitched to the American ideological bandwagon that see themselves as independent such as Mexico, India and Vietnam will find that sitting on the fence in the next four years will be much less comfortable as the new US president will not shield or spare them from the looming policy changes in trade, immigration, security, climate change and wherever else he or she sees as important and necessary to uplift the US and stem its decline. Earlier in July, The Economist drew up a table ranking the vulnerability of various countries likely to be impacted by a new Trump presidencys core policies. The table, The Trump Risk Index, assessed the exposure and vulnerability of Americas 70 largest trading partners to potential policy changes. Although no similar table was drawn up for a Harris presidency, if one were to be drawn up, it is likely that there will be little or no difference in the index finding and ranking. Increasingly, we find that liberal and conservative American analysts both now recognising that the US is in an existential crisis are converging in support of Maga to be the focus of US foreign policy. The crisis, a long-developing one, exposes not only the deep divisions within American society with equal numbers on Republican and Democrat sides of the political fence in disagreement on the domestic policy reforms that the country badly needs. It also brings to attention the current status of the US described by Trump as a failing country. It is a description that some Americans have taken umbrage with but which many Democrat supporters agree on while denouncing the Republican and Trumpian rhetoric and record on failing to improve the state of the nation. What is perhaps most unsettling is that the disorder and instability in the US may see the new president become more reliant on US military superiority to ensure American dominance in global geopolitics. The US military may again be called upon to underpin the foreign policy actions needed to make America great again. Is a last hurrah coming to ensure that the US continues its defence of the unipolar world that it has shaped and is fixated on preserving? Lim Teck Ghees Another Take is aimed at demystifying social orthodoxy. Comments: letters@thesundaily.com

complex social issues on the rise, understanding the backfire effect and learning how to counteract it is essential to creating productive and respectful conversations. The backfire effect is most common in debates involving personal values or issues closely tied to identity, such as opinions on social, environmental or political matters. For example, in Malaysia, discussions on humane stray management or environmental policy can often spark passionate debates where each side becomes more rooted in their stance. Recognising when the backfire effect is influencing a conversation can help us redirect it, moving from argument to dialogue and creating spaces for understanding and potential solutions. At its core, the backfire effect is rooted in psychological defensiveness. When peoples beliefs are challenged, particularly on issues they are deeply invested in, it can feel like a threat to their sense of self. Psychologists suggest that this is because we tend to intertwine certain beliefs with our identity, making it difficult to separate disagreement with an idea from a personal attack. This effect is more pronounced when discussing issues tied to social identity, politics or moral values. Additionally, the fear of admitting error can make us cling to our views. If we have championed a particular idea or belief, admitting that we may have been mistaken can be uncomfortable. The backfire effect is a subconscious way of defending against this discomfort by rejecting new information and doubling down on previous beliefs. Techniques for engaging in constructive debates Understanding the backfire effect is the first step towards overcoming it, but real progress requires adopting strategies that can help us and others engage in more open, constructive discussions. Here are several techniques to help foster productive dialogue, reduce defensiveness and encourage open-mindedness: Lead with curiosity, not conviction Entering a conversation with a desire to understand rather than persuade is essential. Leading with curiosity helps set a collaborative tone, showing others that you are genuinely interested in their perspective. For example, if someone disagrees with humane stray management practices like trap-neuter-release (TNR), you may start by saying, Im interested in your view what experiences shape your opinion on this? This approach can disarm defensiveness and invite the person to share their experiences, making them more likely to reciprocate by considering your perspective. Share stories, not just statistics Facts and figures are essential but they often fail to connect emotionally. To counter the backfire effect, try sharing personal stories or experiences instead of relying solely on statistics. For instance, in conversations about environmental policy, instead of only quoting data about pollution or deforestation, share a personal story about how environmental changes have affected your community or family. Stories humanise issues, making it easier for others to empathise and consider different viewpoints. Emphasise shared goals and values Even when opinions differ, finding common ground can help make the conversation more collaborative. For instance, both sides of a debate on environmental policies may share the same goal a cleaner environment and a better quality of life but disagree on how to achieve it. By highlighting these shared values, you shift the conversation from an us vs them dynamics to a joint problem-solving approach. Statements like we both want what is best for future generations; we just have different ideas about how to get there can help bridge divides and reduce defensiveness. Introduce new information gradually Presenting too much information at once can make people feel overwhelmed, triggering a defensive response. Instead, offer new ideas or evidence in small, manageable pieces. For example, if discussing environmental laws, introduce one or two key points rather than a long list of statistics. Gradual information- sharing allows individuals to process new perspectives without feeling pressured to accept them immediately, which can reduce the likelihood of the backfire effect. Reframe disagreements as learning opportunities Changing the way you frame a discussion can help mitigate defensiveness. Rather than seeing a debate as a battle to be won, approach it as a chance to learn. This mindset shift encourages openness and reduces the need for defensiveness. When someone feels that a discussion is about sharing knowledge rather than proving a point, they are more likely to listen and engage constructively. Know when to step back Not every debate will lead to agreement, and that is okay. If a discussion becomes heated or begins to feel unproductive, it may be time to disengage respectfully. Try phrases like, I appreciate hearing your perspective, and I think we may have to agree to disagree for now. Thanks for sharing your thoughts. This approach allows both parties to leave the conversation without feeling pressured, preserving the relationship for future discussions. In Malaysia, topics like stray animal management and environmental policies are prime examples of where the backfire effect often arises. On one side, many advocate for humane and sustainable stray management practices, such as TNR, which can reduce stray populations over time. Others, however, may believe in stricter measures, fearing that strays could pose health or safety risks. In such debates, the backfire effect can quickly escalate, with both sides becoming more entrenched as they try to defend their views. To move forward constructively, a focus on shared goals like safer communities and reduced stray populations can shift the conversation from debate to dialogue. In Malaysia, environmental policies are at a crossroads, often sparking strong opinions due to their impact across different economic levels. Stricter policies aimed at protecting natural resources are crucial, yet they also raise concerns about their potential economic burden on lower-income communities, who may rely heavily on resource-based jobs. Balancing the urgent need for environmental protection with the livelihoods of these communities is complex but essential. A sustainable path forward lies in building a common ground around shared values a commitment to a clean, healthy environment alongside economic stability for all. This inclusive approach can help foster productive dialogue resilient, equitable policies. Ultimately, overcoming the backfire effect requires us to approach conversations with empathy, open-mindedness and a willingness to understand where others are coming from. Constructive debates are less about changing someones mind on the spot about creating a space where learning and growth are possible. By leading with curiosity, sharing personal stories and finding common ground, we can transform difficult conversations into opportunities for connection and progress. Dr Praveena is a certified mental health and awareness practitioner specialising in narcissistic abuse recovery. Comments: letters@thesundaily.com

crisis, but a significant question remains: Can we afford it? This question goes beyond financial concerns and touches on the structural barriers that hinder our collective action. The obstacles to sustainable living whether financial, infrastructural or attitudinal risk undermining the will of the rakyat to take meaningful steps forward. A recent study focusing on climate literacy in Malaysia paints a revealing portrait of this struggle. The survey, whose respondents majorly consisted of youths aged 15 to 24, found that 68% reported strong engagement in energy conservation practices while 51% demonstrated recycling habits, reflecting a promising commitment to environmentally friendly values. However, this willingness often collides with systemic barriers, making it difficult for these efforts to translate into large-scale change. At the heart of the issue is the ongoing tug-of-war between convenience and climate action. The dichotomy is evident in the behaviours of the younger generation; around 51% of respondents aged 15 to 24 regularly use public transport. This is largely due to its cost-effectiveness and accessibility. However, gaps in coverage and inefficiencies limit its potential as a comprehensive solution. Similarly, many young people are reducing their energy consumption at home an encouraging sign of eco-consciousness. However, are these actions driven by genuine environmental concern or are they primarily a response to rising electricity costs? When it comes to more significant lifestyle changes, such as reducing plastic consumption or choosing eco-friendly products, cost and convenience still play decisive roles. Sustainable options often come with higher price tags or are harder to find, which can discourage even the most committed individuals. This underscores the gap between good intentions and real action. The solution is not simply about individual willpower. It is about creating a system where sustainable living becomes the easier, more affordable choice for all Malaysians. Sustainability, unfortunately, often comes with a price tag that is unaffordable to many. The idea of going green is frequently associated with buying organic, reducing plastic use or adopting renewable energy all commendable but often out of reach for the average person. This financial burden extends beyond individual consumption. Many Malaysians are already under pressure to meet basic living standards, making it difficult to prioritise sustainable choices without substantial support. Here, the role of the government becomes crucial. As living costs rise, achieving widespread adoption of green practices requires thoughtful financial support. By introducing subsidies, tax incentives and rebates for eco-friendly products and renewable energy, the government can make sustainability more accessible to a wider population. These policy tools can empower Malaysians to make greener choices without feeling the pinch in their wallets. Malaysia has already demonstrated its commitment to addressing climate change through international agreements and targets. The country has pledged to reduce its greenhouse gas emissions by 45% by 2030, a significant step towards mitigating its environmental impact. Additionally, as a member of the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change, Malaysia is part of a global effort to tackle climate change. These commitments lay the foundation for more ambitious domestic policies and actions. The governments efforts should not stop at encouraging individual responsibility; they must also create conditions where sustainable living is the default. This requires a multifaceted approach, from stricter regulations on high-polluting industries to investing in green infrastructure. These steps would ensure that sustainable choices are not just available but also convenient and affordable for all. While individual actions are vital in tackling climate change, they must be complemented by broader systemic shifts. The power of individual behaviours, when multiplied, can create a ripple effect, but lasting impact requires governments, industries and communities working in harmony. It is important to recognise that sustainability cannot simply be a consumer choice, it must become a societal norm. The current model, which places the burden on individuals while allowing industries to continue with business as usual is not just unsustainable, it is profoundly unjust. The time has come for a shift in perspective, where systemic change is seen not as a luxury but as a necessity. Malaysia needs bold and decisive action, not just from individuals but also from the government and industries. Policies that make green living the default choice such as subsidies for eco-friendly products, stricter regulations on corporate polluters and robust investments in infrastructure are key steps towards building a more sustainable future. Moreover, a cultural shift is necessary in how we view sustainability. The responsibility of addressing climate change should not disproportionately fall on individuals, particularly those already struggling financially. Corporations and industries, as the wealthiest and most influential players, have a greater obligation to lead the charge toward sustainability. As Malaysia confronts the realities of climate change, it is imperative that we shift the narrative away from individual action as the sole remedy for environmental degradation. The rakyat are ready to do their part but systemic support is essential for real progress. It is time for the government and industries to take responsibility, ensuring that sustainable living is accessible and affordable. Half-measures are no longer enough. What Malaysia needs now is bold and decisive actions that connect individual behaviours, corporate responsibility and government policies into a cohesive, collective effort. It is time for the system to catch up. The writers are from the Department of Science and Technology Studies, Faculty of Science, Universiti Malaya. Comments: letters@thesundaily.com

more businesses, improving infrastructure and offering new job opportunities, with benefits that can reach places like Segamat and Jementah too. Based on feedback from my constituents, they are excited with these developments. Big gains, big potential This is because data centres clearly bring benefits to Johor and the country. They are boosting our economy with big investments, which reached RM31 billion last year, funding new facilities, improving infrastructure. The Investment, Trade and Industry Ministry, including its Deputy Minister Liew Chin Tong, who is also Iskandar Puteri MP, has played a key role in bringing in these investments to Johor. These projects do not just benefit greater Johor Bahru; smaller towns like Segamat and Jementah have also seen gains through improved infrastructure, new business opportunities and enhanced social benefits. When big companies such as Microsoft and others start major projects in Johor, it helps put our state and the nation on the map as a global tech hub. This can attract more savvy investments and businesses in the future, creating more growth that reaches different parts of the state. Challenges to consider However, we cannot ignore the downsides. Data centres consume a lot of energy and water, potentially straining our resources, especially since Johor has faced water shortages before. We need to grow in a way that does not harm the environment or local communities. We must also balance land use carefully. Data centres take up a lot of space, and over-allocating land to them could limit growth in other sectors like agriculture or housing. It may also result in lower revenue and fewer job opportunities compared to if the land had been used for other economic activities. As we know, data centres do not create as many jobs as we hope. Once they are built, they usually do not require too many staff on site. We need to make sure that these centres generate as many good-paying jobs for the locals, whether directly or otherwise. Mitigating drawbacks To make sure this data centre boom benefits the people in the long-run, the government needs to take action. I am gratified to learn that the Finance Ministry and Investment, Trade and Industry Ministry are coming up with plans to make sure data centre investments bring long-term benefits. The Finance Ministry has suggested the introduction of a scorecard to push companies to create good jobs, support local businesses and prioritise sustainability. The Investment, Trade and Industry Ministrys guidelines for energy and water use are another positive step toward our zero-carbon goal for 2050. Programmes like the Corporate Renewable Energy Supply Scheme will help data centres use more renewable energy, making operations cheaper in the long run. These are all good efforts. Learning from our neighbour As we move forward, we can look to Singapores experience with data centres, as our neighbour has had a head start in the sector. It has leveraged technology transfer to build a strong, knowledge-based workforce, boosting its digital economy. By setting robust environmental standards, such as energy and water usage guidelines, Singapore has also pushed for greener practices in the industry. Our current data centre boom should be a reminder for us to keep investing in our people and infrastructure for long-term growth. We need to equip our youth with skills in cloud computing, cybersecurity and artificial intelligence, and upgrade infrastructure like high-speed internet and reliable power supply. This will lay the foundation for lasting success. For now, let us embrace this boom in data centre opportunities, but stay aware of the challenges. With careful planning, we can make Malaysia and Johor a tech hub that benefits everyone, and build a better future for our children. Ng Kor Sim State Assemblywoman for Jementah Johor

are powerful tools. They help us express complex emotions, shared histories and cultural pride in one glance. A flag represents much more than just colours or designs; it is about pride, history and unity. Interestingly, symbols do not mean the same thing to everyone. A gesture with deep meaning for one group may seem completely neutral to another. At the festival, participants from China were simply celebrating their cultural pride by waving their own flags. There was no explicit intent to disrespect Malaysia. However, for some, this act took on a different meaning as if it was a direct challenge to Malaysian values. This shows how easily symbols can be misunderstood and used to support narratives that may not match their true intent. Symbols are meant to bring us together, but they can just as easily be used to pull us apart. This lightning rod effect a simple act like waving a flag can quickly become a point of conflict. People start to view it not as a celebration but as a challenge or a threat, especially when it aligns with pre-existing fears or biases. Responding rationally In a world where symbols can be so easily twisted, how do we keep a level head? Obviously ignoring them is not the solution, but neither is reacting without thinking. Instead, we should aim for a balanced, proactive response. First, knowledge is our best defence against manipulation. When we know the origins and intentions behind symbols, we can better interpret them. In this case, knowing that the Guan Gong festival is about cultural pride, not politics, may have eased some of the outrage. Equally important is pausing to consider intent before jumping to conclusions. Asking ourselves why certain people are pushing a negative view is a vital step are they genuinely worried or is someone stirring the pot for personal gain? Taking a moment to think about these motivations helps us respond thoughtfully rather than react emotionally. There is the importance of open conversation. Talking openly, whether online or in person, helps clear misunderstandings and in turn keeps divisive ideas from taking root. Discussing rather than accusing allows people to see different sides of an issue, helping to break down conflict. Even when we do not agree with a particular symbol or action, choosing respect over anger shows strength. By setting a tone of respect, we establish that rash reactions will not weaken our unity but instead solidify it. Finally, in a time when headlines are crafted to stir us up, we need to promote media savviness. Supporting media literacy helps us all recognise exaggeration and bias, making it harder for negative views to spread. This allows us to stay focused on what truly matters, safeguarding our unity against the noise of sensationalism. Tak pasti, jangan kongsi. Strengthening unity Malaysias richness lies in its diversity, and tackling issues rationally is not just crucial but fundamental in keeping that strength alive. Symbols will always be part of our identity but they should not be used to drive us apart. In this case, rushing to react may only deepen divides, moving us further from the values of tolerance and unity that our country was built on. As a society, we need to keep our guard up against attempts to use symbols for division, and focus instead on promoting understanding and connection. By adopting a balanced, calm and thoughtful approach, we can make it clear that Malaysias strength is not in uniformity but in the unity that comes from respect, open dialogue and shared empathy. Now is the time to remember that our strength as a nation lies in standing together, with each of us working to build a Malaysia where diversity is celebrated, not feared. In The Alchemist , Paulo Coelho writes: When we strive to become better than we are, everything around us becomes better too. Much like Santiagos journey to discover his own truth, we also have a choice in how we respond to events around us. In times of tension, it is easy to let initial reactions drive our actions. However, the real strength lies in taking a step back, viewing each situation as it is, and choosing not to let outside forces manipulate us. What if in moments of tension we choose patience over impulsiveness, looking beyond the surface to seek a deeper meaning? Perhaps, only then we can strengthen our so-called unity. Ir Dr Nahrizul Adib Kadri is an associate professor of biomedical engineering and the former director of Corporate Communications Centre, Universiti Malaya. Comments: letters@thesundaily.com

However, the communication surrounding this important change has been a complete mess. Since the announcement, various government figures have given conflicting messages, leaving the public confused and anxious. For instance, while the prime minister mentioned that around 85% of Malaysians would still benefit from the subsidies, other officials have added confusing layers. We have Economy Minister Rafizi Ramli suggesting a two-tier pricing system that differentiates prices based on income, introducing the concept of a T15 group. Days later, he conceded that the definition of T15 is still in the works. Transport Minister Anthony Loke further added a suggestion of using MyKad at petrol stations to restrict subsidies to Malaysians only. Treasury Secretary-General Datuk Johan Mahmood Merican then weighed in, saying the government is considering a tiered subsidy similar to electricity. So, which is which? Finance Minister II Datuk Seri Amir Hamzah has asked the public to avoid speculation as the income threshold is still undecided. With these overlapping, sometimes contradictory statements, Malaysians are left wondering: What exactly is happening? Is there even a clear plan? Or is each ministry proposing its version, leaving the people in limbo? These confusing signals do more harm than good. They create a sense of uncertainty and give the impression that there is no cohesive approach to implementing an important policy. A unified, single message is essential, especially when dealing with subsidies that affect peoples daily lives. The government must assign a clear project leader to this subsidy reform. Is it the Finance Ministry, the Economy Ministry or the Domestic Trade and Cost of Living Ministry? Once the lead is determined, all communications should flow directly from this designated ministry to avoid confusion. A good example of effective communication was seen in the recent diesel subsidy rationalisation. Information was straight-forward, easy to understand and delivered consistently. People knew what to expect and who to turn to for information. If the government does not get its act together on communicating the RON95 subsidy reforms, it will only cause anxiety, confusion and distrust. Getting communications right is not just a matter of public relations it is crucial for gaining public support and making this beneficial change work smoothly. Abdul Latiff Abdul Hakim

travel monthly to Sarawak and take an annual trip abroad to Mecca. However, I now find myself questioning whether this loyalty is justified. Sarawak is a gem waiting to be discovered, with immense tourism potential. However, with the current airfares, especially on MAS, many potential travellers are priced out, severely hampering the states tourism growth. The recent prices to Kuching are, to put it plainly, shocking. Last-minute bookings are unavoidable at times, but I was appalled to be charged nearly RM4,700 for a return business ticket to Kuching. Even my staff, flying economy, paid close to RM3,000 for the same route. Planning ahead does not seem to help much either; even when booked a month in advance, return tickets are close to RM3,000 for business class and over RM1,300 for economy. This level of pricing is absurd, especially for a domestic route. I believe, as many do, that with premium prices should come a premium experience. Unfortunately, MAS no longer delivers on this. The business lounge, once a place to relax before flights, has deteriorated. As I write this on Oct 30, the restrooms in the lounge are still under renovation a situation I encountered throughout September as well. The dining experience in the lounge has lost its lustre. Recently, while attempting to enjoy a simple nasi lemak , I was served boiled eggs still in their shell. When I requested help to remove the shell, the response from the staff was, we dont do that, which was disappointing and telling of how far standards have dropped. Onboard, the situation does not improve. In business class, we now deal with seats that do not recline properly. The food, an essential part of any long-haul experience, has worsened. On two recent occasions, the in-flight meals were barely edible, bordering on off. In one instance, the lack of quality even made me hesitate to eat. The lack of comfort in facilities and amenities makes each flight less enjoyable than the last. Even my annual long-haul flights to Mecca on MAS, which I look forward to each year, have not been immune to these setbacks. Travelling such distances should bring an experience that feels seamless and comfortable, but MAS has started to fall short even here. Adding to this is the cumbersome process of booking tickets online. With ticket sales exclusively digital, resolving booking issues becomes frustratingly difficult. Customer service, once a proud element of MASs offering, is increasingly subpar, with representatives often unable to assist adequately. The only saving grace, as many loyal customers like myself would agree, are the cabin crew. Their friendliness and dedication are a testament to the heart and spirit MAS was once known for they are MASs real assets. If MAS continues along this trajectory, it will lose the loyalty of not only long-standing customers like myself but also the new generation of travellers. Competing airlines like Emirates and Saudi Airlines are waiting in the wings, ready to welcome disillusioned MAS customers with open arms. As I reluctantly contemplate flying with them, I realise how close MAS is to losing the competitive edge it once had. My hope is that MASs management and its owners take heed of these issues and recognise the urgent need for improvement. This is not just about ticket prices or outdated lounges; it is about restoring pride in our national airline and ensuring it represents Malaysia as it once did with quality, excellence and care. MAS has a legacy worth fighting for, but only if the commitment to improvement is genuine. For the sake of all who continue to fly MAS out of loyalty and pride, I urge the airlines leadership to act swiftly and decisively to bring MAS back to its roots as a serious and reliable airline worthy of our national identity. Prof (Haji) Said Bani CM Din Loyal (but concerned) MAS traveller

welcomes the governments focus on children, including incentives for special needs children and tax breaks for parents of children with autism. Efforts to tackle child malnutrition in public housing and the increased allocation to agencies dealing with online safety, child pornography and cyberbullying are positive. The strengthening of relevant laws to address scams and cybercrimes targeting children as well as the introduction of new legal frameworks represent a proactive step towards protecting children in the digital age. Despite these improvements, Suhakam stresses that the budget lacks clear plans to safeguard the rights of migrant workers, refugees and stateless individuals. These communities continue to face exploitation, with limited access to healthcare, education and legal protection. Stronger frameworks are needed to prevent human trafficking and exploitation, ensuring these groups can access justice and basic services, in line with Malaysias international obligations. The budget mentions infrastructure projects for rural and indigenous communities but fails to address the protection of indigenous peoples land rights. Their participation in decision-making on development projects remains limited, often resulting in displacement and loss of traditional lands. Suhakam emphasises the importance of the principle of free, prior and informed consent in all development activities to preserve their rights and cultural heritage. On gender equality, Budget 2025s focus on gender-based violence remains inadequate. The absence of specific allocations for strengthening legal frameworks and support services for victims is alarming. Suhakam urges the government to prioritise protection for women, particularly in addressing domestic violence, sexual harassment and workplace discrimination. Malaysias ageing population continues to grow, yet their specific needs remain largely unaddressed. Access to healthcare, social protection and protection from abuse are essential human rights that cannot be overlooked. Suhakam calls for a comprehensive national ageing policy that guarantees the dignity and rights of elderly citizens. In addition, while poverty alleviation is a government focus, the budget lacks a human rights-based approach to economic and social rights. Marginalised communities continue to struggle with inadequate housing, food security and fair wages. Suhakam stresses the need for legal protections that ensure equitable access to resources, affordable housing and decent work for all, especially low-income families. Mental health services, especially post-pandemic, remain critically underfunded. While economic recovery is emphasised, there is limited attention to community-based mental healthcare. Additionally, the budget does not sufficiently address the rights and needs of persons with disabilities (PwD). The lack of focus on accessibility, inclusive education and employment opportunities is concerning. Suhakam urges the government to align its policies with the United Nations Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities, ensuring equal access to public services and economic opportunities for all PwD. While institutional reforms are mentioned, Budget 2025 falls short in addressing access to justice for vulnerable groups. Suhakam advocates for comprehensive legal reforms to ensure marginalised communities can access justice and hold perpetrators of human rights violations accountable. On a positive note, Suhakam recognises the increased budget for the judiciary, the boost to the National Cyber Security Agency in tackling online safety issues, including for children, and the anticipated Online Safety Bill. The increase in cash aid under Sumbangan Tunai Rahmah and the allocations for combatting child malnutrition in public housing areas are steps in the right direction. Despite these initiatives, the minimum wage still does not reflect the actual cost of living, as evidenced by reports from Employees Provident Fund, Bank Negara Malaysia and Credit Counselling and Debt Management Agency. Additionally, the Baitul Mahabbah programme continues with no expansion to cover all children below 18 years, nor an indication of family or community placement. Suhakam acknowledges the governments commitment to fiscal responsibility and governance reforms. However, we urge the government to ensure that its economic growth strategies are inclusive. A budget must address not only fiscal concerns but also the protection of fundamental rights for all. Suhakam

rapidly ageing society and the financial challenges confronting self-employed and gig economy workers. The gig economy in Malaysia has witnessed significant expansion over the past decade, attracting a substantial portion of the workforce, including young adults and individuals seeking alternative employment arrangements. While offering flexibility and independence, this sector presents several challenges, particularly regarding financial security and retirement planning. Gig workers often lack the benefits and protections associated with traditional employment, such as employer-sponsored retirement plans, health insurance and job security, leading to financial instability and hindered ability to save consistently for the future. Recent data underscores the limited participation of gig workers in Malaysias Social Security Organisation (Socso), highlighting the neeed for tailored solutions to support this growing segment of the workforce. As Malaysias population ages, the importance of accumulating sufficient retirement savings cannot be overstated. The anticipated rise in healthcare and long-term care costs underscores the essential need for individuals to possess adequate funds to support themselves during their later years. Many gig workers may struggle to afford necessities and healthcare in old age without proper savings. The i-Saraan programme, administered by the Employees Provident Fund, aims to address this issue by providing a platform for informal workers to save for retirement. The programme offers a government incentive to match a percentage of the contributions made by participants, thereby encouraging more people to save. The recent increase in incentives for the i-Saraan programme represents a strategic effort to stimulate participation and savings among gig workers. By raising the matching contribution from 15% to 20%, the government aims to enhance the attractiveness and benefits of the programme. This enhancement implies that for every RM100 contributed by a participant, the government will add RM20, up to a maximum of RM500 annually. This increase in incentives is expected to yield several positive impacts: higher incentives are likely to attract more gig workers to join the programme, increased participation will assist more individuals in building a financial cushion for their retirement, significant savings will encourage participants to contribute more regularly and consistently. By accumulating more savings, gig workers can attain heightened financial security in their retirement years, reducing their reliance on government assistance and family support. Malaysias ageing population significantly challenges the countrys social and economic systems. With the anticipated increase in the proportion of elderly citizens, there will be heightened demand for healthcare services, long-term care and social support. Ensuring that all workforce segments, including gig workers, are financially prepared for retirement is imperative. The i-Saraan programme, with its enhanced incentives, plays a pivotal role in this context. By encouraging gig workers to save for retirement, it will help alleviate some of the pressures associated with an ageing society. This will promote a culture of financial responsibility and long-term planning among informal workers. While enhancing the i-Saraan programme represents a positive step, additional measures can be taken to support gig workers further. Enhancing awareness about the i-Saraan programme and its benefits is crucial, as many gig workers may not know how to participate. Targeted campaigns can help bridge this knowledge gap. Simplifying the process of enrolling in the i-Saraan programme and making contributions will encourage more gig workers to participate. In addition to the matching contributions, other incentives such as tax breaks or additional government grants can further motivate gig workers to save. Developing a broader social protection framework encompassing health insurance, unemployment benefits and other safety nets for gig workers will provide a more holistic approach to their financial security. The increase in incentives represents a commendable initiative addressing the unique challenges that gig workers face in Malaysia. By enhancing the i-Saraan programme, the government is taking a proactive stance in supporting the financial well-being of gig workers and addressing the broader societal implications of an ageing population. The writer is a research fellow at the Ungku Aziz Centre for Development Studies, Universiti Malaya. Comments: letters@thesundaily.com

The main issues stem from a combination of factors, including: Limited awareness: Many consumers are not fully aware of their rights under consumer protection laws. This lack of awareness leads to consumers not filing complaints or pursuing justice when their rights are violated. Weak enforcement: While there are laws in place, the enforcement of these laws can be inconsistent. Regulatory agencies sometimes lack the resources or the will to take effective action against businesses that violate consumer rights. Online transactions: With the rise of e-commerce, there have been increasing complaints about fraud, counterfeit goods and scams. Consumer protection laws are still catching up to fully address issues arising from online transactions, leaving many consumers vulnerable. Delayed resolutions: Consumers often face long wait-times when filing complaints or seeking compensation. Dispute resolution mechanisms can be slow, which discourages consumers from pursuing complaints. Misleading advertisements: There have been cases of misleading or false advertising where consumers end up buying products or services that do not meet expectations. The penalties for businesses engaging in such practices are not always strong enough to act as a deterrent. Price gouging: In certain industries, especially during times of crisis, for example, the Covid-19 pandemic, price gouging can be a significant issue, with some businesses exploiting consumers by drastically raising prices on essential goods. The government also has a duty to see that consumer associations function as they should and continue to stay active, and that they are fully supported. Consumers should take action to defend their rights and ensure they are not violated while pursuing consumer protection. Bulbir is a former president of the Negeri Sembilan Consumers Association. Comments: letters@thesundaily.com

to go for dinner in town was a major decision for it would involve bringing your money in big wads to pay for it. This is despite the income from gold that Ghana was blessed with as well as cocoa, which has a flavour that commands a premium. The country also produces shea nut, the fruit of massive trees that grow in the north. The oil is like cocoa butter. However, that year the food shortage was bad, even potatoes were hard to find. They had to be imported. Morrison had helped with giving breakfast to the workers, and they would line up for the palm oil, tapioca and fish cooked in large pots in front of them before they started work for the day. Due to the shortage of hard currency, the plantation too had to make do without many things, and building of workers houses was one of them as no imported material was used. At the housing project for workers, I had no time to ask about Al Doku. I watched Bill giving instructions to the building supervisor. He was using earth to make a thick wall to build a house, and when it was dry after a few days, he added another level, until the building had a coat of cement walls for the rooms. I had not seen a building made in that way before. Bill was thorough. Saves a lot of money, he said, as we had breakfast back in his bungalow. I had fried eggs and a lot of tapioca done very well that they looked like baked potatoes. I knew that in London Leslie Davidson had advocated using raw materials for buildings, and even for expatriates, he said they could save by eating what is available in the local market and eat like what the locals do, but as usual Bill did not do anything by halves. We should be leaving soon to see the country, first to the slave castle at Cape Coast. It was in the car that he talked about Al Doku. He is going to London on a course that I had arranged for him. But the other reason is it gives him a chance to take his daughter there for treatment. She is losing her eyesight and probably it could be saved by the doctors there. Let him know that I will be in London. I will take him to my house and have lunch with him. He impresses me. At the slave castle in Cape Coast, Bill had paid a guide to take us through the full tour. I saw the high white walls and the dark cellars made for the incarceration of human captives. The guide said they were standing in human waste until the time the ship arrived, and they were whipped and pushed through a small exit that all would call the door of no return. We climbed into bright sunlight again to the chapel and the quarters of the commandant. The castle had been fought over by the Swedes, the Norwegians, the Danes and the Dutch before it fell to the English. They traded the slaves in the New World, coming home with cotton and sugar, and out again with cloth and guns to the Gold Coast, and the cycle went on for years. I was tired after the tour. Bill said to me: Now I will take you to Elmina castle. I did not expect that. It was more or less the same, tiring, as I walked on the hot open yard with rusted cannons lined over the thick stone walls facing the Atlantic below. Coconut trees leaned by the shore where lazy waves lapped away at the sand. But where our car was parked, we were stopped by many hawkers, who made a brisk business selling handicraft, and what interested me most was the colourful cloth weaved in bright red, yellow and green that I knew was the work of skilled people. The pattern attracted me. Fine kente cloth, but tourist prices, Bill said. Can you ask Al Doku if he can bring back a piece and I will pay him in London. That was how Al Doku met me again and on a weekend. I invited him for lunch with my family in Surrey and he brought the piece of cloth. It must have cost him a lot of money, and I did not mind paying him a premium for his effort, and it was very beautiful, and probably fit for a minor chief to wear in Ghana. His daughter was getting medical treatment at a hospital. I did not hear of Al Doku for many years after I left Unilever, but I still thought of his visit and the lunch like it was yesterday. I had always wondered how he got on after all these years. I remembered him warmly. By chance, I met him again when he was attending an oil palm conference in Kuala Lumpur. It was just before the conference dinner. I was delighted to see him again and hugged him. I felt a glow of old friendship. But I dont remember you, he said. I drew back and explained that he was my guest for lunch in England, and I had bought the kente cloth. I asked him how his daughter was. But he still could not remember me. Long years had passed but surely he could not have forgotten. I was told by then he was the managing director of the plantation business. I was upset through the courses of the dinner. It was at the dessert stage that Al Doku walked up to my table and said with a smile. I am so sorry I could not remember you. I think I can remember you now. He tried to smile again. Thats all right, I said returning to my dessert. He tried to be nice to me but the glow of friendship was gone. The writer has extensive experience in the management of oil palm plantations. Comments: letters@thesundaily.com

noise, civility and chaos, and balance and extremism can also become increasingly distorted. The Ulu Tiram and GISBH cases have driven the media into a frenzy as both are considered matters of public interest. From broad overviews to minute details, nothing has been spared in the reporting. Public comments reflect feelings of anger, resentment, frustration and disappointment toward the accused or state institutions. Even the names of witnesses are often anticipated, jeopardising the confidentiality of the case. A lackadaisical attitude in handling high-profile cases can ultimately lead to witnesses becoming hostile or biased. The current situation illustrates how trial by media can create its own narrative, potentially undermining fair judicial proceedings and damaging the reputations of those involved. It can also contaminate and influence witnesses memories, stances and views. Even if an accused individual is acquitted, the public may still perceive the person as guilty, leaving the individuals reputation tarnished despite a verdict of innocence. While the creation of social media has given us an extensive space to express our opinions, the lack of policing and regulations has allowed the widespread of rumours and prophecies in court cases. The news disseminated through mainstream and social media can create multiple ideas, often leading to the presumption of guilt or innocence for the accused before the trial even begins. This is the exact definition of trial by media. The principle of sub judice (under judicial consideration), though relevant, appears to be overlooked in the public discourse surrounding ongoing trials. The rule on sub judice seeks to safeguard the sanctity of court proceedings and ensure a fair trial for the accused in criminal cases. Therefore, it would be apt for lawyers, prosecutors and the judiciary to take cognisance of the current situation and devise certain measures to ensure the impartiality of witnesses, and to avoid any spillage or contamination of evidence. Expert witnesses, if appointed under section 45(1) of the Evidence Act, should not only be someone who is qualified in science or art but have a track record of being impartial and have not or will not mislead the court. Impartiality here refers to individuals who abide by the law and do not have a track record of promoting repealed laws or overruled cases. Although the court has the discretion to decide whether the expert evidence is admissible, it is imperative for experts to be scrutinised by the courts before accepting their views and opinions. In any event, it is trite law that expert opinion is not binding upon the court. While the media shapes public debate and highlights cases of public interest, the unparalleled capacity of social media also offers lawyers an opportunity to volunteer and represent offenders who are in dire need of representation. Beyond concerns about legal fees, this is about striving to uphold justice. Some cases are simply meant to be pro bono. With the proliferation of information available through mainstream and social media platforms, lawyers and prosecutors should seize the opportunity to scour important details from these channels. Unfortunately, very few lawyers have taken the bold step to assist those in desperate need of legal representation. With the National Legal Aid Foundation unable to represent detainees under the Security Offences (Special Measures) Act 2 during their trials and its potential dissolution, what would become of the poor and marginalised groups in need of legal representation? Where are the pro bono lawyers who are expected to uphold justice and ensure the right to a fair trial as enshrined in the Federal Constitution? Legal advocates would do well to remember Martin Luther King Jrs quote: Injustice anywhere is a threat to justice everywhere. While no one can deny the medias sterling role as the keeper of conscience and unraveller of wrongdoings, it is equally undeniable that the media has been able to entice vast reporting and responses from the public. Therefore, it is essential to establish clear rules and regulations to safeguard individuals right to a fair trial, as stipulated in the Federal Constitution. Ultimately, what we seek is justice for all. The writer is a criminologist and the deputy dean (Higher Degree) of Faculty of Law, Universiti Malaya. Comments: letters@thesundaily.com

Direct bullying involves overt attacks on a victim, whether physical or verbal. In contrast, indirect bullying is more subtle and often harder to identify. It includes actions such as causing mental or psychological stress, social isolation, spreading gossip, damaging the victims reputation and making obscene gestures, among others. Teachers and school management should play a vital role in preventing bullying among students as they are in close contact with the pupils, and are responsible for ensuring their safety and well-being. One of the key steps they can take to prevent bullying in schools is to create a safe and supportive environment. To achieve this, they must establish a culture of inclusion and respect that welcomes all students while also consistently monitoring bullying hot spots in and around the school. It is important for teachers to manage their classrooms effectively to prevent bullying. Teachers should develop rules collaboratively with students to foster respect and responsibility. They must reinforce these rules by making expectations clear and keeping requests simple, direct and specific. If teachers encounter any bullying incident, they must be proactive and address it immediately. Ignoring such incidents is not an option. Teachers must do their best to control the situation. If they cannot resolve the matter, they should seek help from others, such as the school management, parents, guardians, or professional assistance from the education department or Education Ministry. If teachers feel confident in handling the bullying incident themselves, they should do so professionally and cautiously, following all established guidelines and rules. Regardless of the steps they take, it is essential for teachers to actively engage with their students on this issue and explore ways to prevent bullying at all costs. Everyone must continuously support teachers in eradicating bullying in schools. Without this ongoing support, it becomes difficult for teachers to effectively prevent bullying. At the same time, it is crucial to change our mindset and attitudes toward bullying. Unfortunately, many people still believe that bullying only occurs among schoolchildren. In reality, bullying can happen to anyone, regardless of age, and can take place anywhere. In 2017, the country was shocked by the tragic death of Zulfarhan Osman Zulkarnain, a 21-year-old university student who died at Serdang Hospital after suffering serious injuries suspected to be the result of bullying by his peers. On July 23, the Court of Appeal reinstated murder charges under Section 302 of the Penal Code against six former students for their role in Zulfarhans death seven years ago. Many societies harbour a deep-seated stigma that suggests bullying does not occur in universities, assuming that students at this level are too smart and mature to engage in such behaviour. As a result, the issue often goes unnoticed and unchecked for years. This misconception needs to be addressed to foster a safer environment for all students. There are many reasons why bullying occurs in universities. It may stem from a lack of supervision by the university management and ineffective or outdated policies to address bullying on campus. Universities must take bullying issues seriously and develop clear and comprehensive plans to tackle them effectively. The university management needs to develop a clear procedural process for victims to lodge complaints and for witnesses to come forward with testimonies and evidence. The policy should define bullying, outline its categories and provide emergency contact numbers for victims seeking immediate help. It is essential to communicate this policy to students and staff so that everyone has a basic understanding of the issue of bullying. We should consider amending the existing Education Act 1996 or creating a new law specifically aimed at addressing bullying effectively. We can learn from the United Kingdoms Education and Inspections Act 2006, which provides a framework for tackling bullying in the education sector. Additionally, we can reference the United States where all 50 states have implemented their own anti-bullying laws. At the same time, the government should consider creating legislation aimed at deterring and punishing anti-social behaviours, including bullying, particularly among children, teenagers and young adults. By enacting strong laws on this matter, we can effectively address issues related to youth delinquency, gangsterism and bullying. The writer is an associate professor, Faculty of Syariah and Law, Universiti Sains Islam Malaysia. Comments: letters@thesundaily.com

soundscape, especially in Brickfields Little India remains unchecked. DJs broadcast at full volume, conversations disappear into the symphony of human chatter and tunes layered over the bustling hum. Yet, this cacophony is brushed off as just another element of the celebration. Why question it? Noise is simply part of the experience. Traditions arrive punctually, as expected. New clothes? Yes. Heaps of murukku, ladoos and treats that seem to defy every diet known? Absolutely. Glittery decorations that flash brightly today but will be forgotten tomorrow? Triple yes. In a world where Halloween has gained a strong foothold in our malls and public spaces, Deepavalis vibrance fills in the gaps, reinvigorating the festive spirit. There is a place for tradition, of course, but when routines become too familiar, what do they leave us with? Are we celebrating for ourselves or to meet an expectation? Listening to the radio, there is no shortage of callers sharing Deepavali plans, from shopping to cooking to spending, a pattern that seems like a grand exercise in consumerism, sprinkled with tradition. Its about light and joy, we hear, but in this glow of joy, there is a curious attraction towards the checkout line, as if celebration itself has turned into a transaction. This raises a thought: what about giving? Isnt there a place for restraint or perhaps for sustainability amid the festive joy? Instead of simply keeping up with the festivities, why not pause to consider generosity that goes beyond spending? In a twist of irony, though the Indian population in Malaysia is not exactly soaring, the number of Deepavali vendors seems to multiply annually. Smaller population, grander celebration? It almost appears that the vibrancy of the festival expands to compensate. But maybe a touch of moderation could be equally festive, if not more meaningful. Look outside the celebration bubble for a moment. Economic challenges and political uncertainties linger, adding a bit of perspective to the scene. Is this truly the right moment to go overboard with sweets and sparkles we may not need? Deepavali has the potential to be more than just a seasonal indulgence. It could be a time to contribute meaningfully to those around us, embodying empathy and humanity. Acts of kindness do not always need to be grand or costly, sometimes a moment of connection with someone who would otherwise be alone can bring more light into the world than a string of fireworks. After all, our most precious resource is not wealth, it is time, a gift we rarely have enough of and which can genuinely matter when given sincerely. Spending time with others, lifting our gaze from the screens we so often hold or taking a moment to connect is a gesture that costs nothing but creates something priceless. And isnt that the heart of any celebration? Perhaps this Deepavali, take a moment to step back from the retail thrill. Save a few dollars if you will, but more importantly, save a piece of yourself for something lasting. Spend time with those who matter most, share a little warmth and spread some light without a price tag. In the end, Deepavali need not be a test of how many sweets we consume or how loud our music plays. Instead, let it be about the brightness we bring into each others lives, an idea that stretches beyond this season and resonates in every celebration. Happy Deepavali to one and all. Bhavani holds a doctorate in English literature. Her professional background encompasses teaching, journalism and public relations. She is currently pursuing a second masters degree in counselling. Comments: letters@thesundaily.com

should take decisive action to prevent further paralysis of our transportation network and protect the economy. Rivers are the heart of the issue Central to the flooding problem in Kuala Lumpur are its rivers, particularly the Klang and Gombak rivers. These rivers have overflowed time and again, turning streets into temporary waterways and causing widespread disruption. While the deepening of these rivers has been part of long-term flood mitigation plans, progress seems to be slow. Other rivers, such as Batu River, Kerayong River and Ampang River, have also contributed to the overflow during heavy rainfalls. To bring the situation under control, immediate and long-term actions need to be taken. Understanding the state of these rivers and enhancing their capacity to cope with heavy rainfall is crucial. Measures to mitigate flooding > Expanding drainage capacity The drainage systems in Kuala Lumpur are not able to handle the current volume of rain, particularly during the monsoon. Immediate measures should include the clearing and desilting of drains to increase capacity. Blocked drains clogged by debris contribute to flash floods. Kuala Lumpur City Hall and local authorities need to prioritise maintaining these drainage networks, especially in flood-prone areas. Deploy teams from enforcement or the military to check every drain, monsoon drain, stream and river. They should also conduct physical and drone checks to ensure the citys capillaries are clean and clear. > Flood barriers and mobile pumps Temporary flood barriers can be installed in strategic locations to prevent rivers from overflowing into the streets. Mobile pumps can also be stationed in vulnerable areas to drain water from roads and low-lying areas, preventing water from accumulating. The Drainage and Irrigation Department and Kuala Lumpur City Hall, with the help of the military platoon, can address and mark these points to prevent the overflowing of flood waters. > Early warning systems An efficient early warning system can alert residents and commuters in advance of potential flooding, allowing them to take preventive actions. While there are warning systems in place, these need to be improved to cover more areas. Communication with the public must be clear frequent, particularly through mobile apps and social media platforms. The Meteorological Department must be proactive and issue daily notices of potential flooding at least three days in advance. ALSO READ: High-intensity squall line brings thunderstorms, heavy rain, causing flooding in KL > Traffic and public transport management During heavy rainfall, traffic management becomes crucial. Immediate traffic diversion plans must be in place to prevent congestion. Improving public transport options during floods will help ease the pressure on the citys roads. Deploy more traffic police and military personnel to control the chaos during floods. > Public awareness and preparedness Citizens should be educated on flood preparedness, such as keeping their vehicles safe, avoiding flood-prone areas or knowing where to seek assistance. Public campaigns can help reduce the overall impact of floods. Encouraging the public to report blocked drains or overflowing waterways can help authorities act faster. Social media, radio and television stations should work hand-in-hand to ensure the awareness level is heightened. Long-term flood mitigation strategies > River deepening and widening The Klang River and Gombak River have been undergoing deepening projects to increase their capacity to handle floodwaters. However, more needs to be done, and the project timelines should be expedited. In addition to deepening, widening certain sections of these rivers can prevent them from overflowing during heavy rain. Other rivers in Kuala Lumpur, including Batu River, Kerayong River and Ampang River, should be included in these efforts to ensure that flood mitigation plans are comprehensive and address the interconnectedness of the citys waterways. The river beautification programme has been delayed. This project must be hastened to ensure that our rivers are not a dump yard but a treasure trove of our city. > Building retention ponds Retention ponds play a critical role in absorbing excess rainwater. More of these ponds need to be built in flood-prone areas to prevent rainwater from overwhelming the citys drainage systems. These ponds can also be integrated with green spaces and parks, creating dual-purpose recreational areas that can serve as a flood management measure. ALSO READ: Will KL become a flooding city like Jakarta? > Smart city infrastructure Kuala Lumpur needs to embrace smart city technologies to better manage floods. Real-time monitoring of river levels and rainfall data through sensors can help authorities respond swiftly to rising waters. Cities around the world are already using artificial intelligence to predict flood patterns and make informed decisions about flood management. Kuala Lumpur should also follow suit. > Revitalising urban planning Urban sprawl and overdevelopment have worsened the flood situation in Kuala Lumpur. The loss of natural floodplains and green areas means rainwater has fewer places to go. Revamping urban planning policies is a long-term solution that will address the root cause of the problem. Future developments should incorporate flood mitigation designs, including permeable pavements, green roofs and rain gardens, that allow water to seep into the ground rather than run off into drains. > Community involvement Building a resilient city requires the involvement of local communities. Empowering communities to adopt flood mitigation strategies, such as setting up neighbourhood water management systems or engaging in tree planting to enhance green areas, can create a long-lasting impact. Involve companies by assigning sections of the Klang and Gombak rivers to each company and organise a competition to see who can best beautify the riverbanks. ALSO READ: DBKL identified 14 more flash flood hotspots - KL Mayor Climate change adaptation The monsoon seasons are expected to become more intense due to climate change. Addressing the impact of these changes on Kuala Lumpurs flood patterns is vital. Climate adaptation strategies, including redesigning infrastructure to withstand extreme weather events and creating nature-based solutions, are crucial components of any long-term flood management strategy. No development should be approved without considering the impact on climate. Time for swift and coordinated action Kuala Lumpur cannot afford to be submerged every monsoon season. Flooding affects not just infrastructure but also the economy, livelihoods and the well-being of citizens. While short-term measures can help in the immediate future, long-term solutions are essential to ensure the city remains resilient against future floods. The government, local authorities, companies and citizens must jointly work to safeguard Kuala Lumpur against flooding. Comments: letters@thesundaily.com

the depths of its scriptural truths and accept Hinduism as being of equal value to their own religion. The majority of Hindus themselves remain unaware of the Vedas profound insights. While the monotheistic term God is one popularly means there is no other God and we must not elevate any being to the status of God, Hinduism prefers more than one interpretation. The Vedic scriptural collection presents two concepts of God: the external view of God as a supremo who creates the universe and prescribes laws for the conduct of human affairs the most favoured view throughout the world and the internal view of God as the substantial essence of the universe and the reality behind this sleight of hand manifestation that we see as creation. The external view, denoted by the term Saguna Brahman, is that God is a creative personality who makes the universe and designs it such that it functions like a vast automated machine. At a more sophisticated level of intimacy, Hindus regard the universe as the body of God. Just as hair grows on the bodies of people, so also this universe comes into being from that undiminishable, immortal Brahman (Mundakopanishad 1:7). I am the source of all; from me everything evolves (Bhagavad Gita 10:8). Now behold in this, my body, the whole universe, centred in one (11:7). There, in the body of the God of Gods, Arjuna then saw the whole universe, resting in one (11:13). The internal view, Nirguna Brahman, is completely opposite as it describes God as devoid of personality or personal attributes. God in this view is the only reality. God is simply the Reality (Satya). Therefore, the wise call it Satya (Taittiriyapanishad 2:6). Nothing exists besides You (Srimad Bhagavata 3:9:1). But eight verses before this, it states the reverse: He saw that form of the Lord, which includes within itself the whole universe, but which could assume any size according to His will (Srimad Bhagavata 3:8:25). This contradiction is explained further: You are the one without a second, manifesting at the same time as the world of cause and effect while remaining as the non-dual unrelated Substance. It is like the one gold, manifesting as various objects made of it. It is due to ignorance that people speak of the substance and the forms taking shape from it as different (8:12:8). The objective world, a second existence distinct and different from (God), seems to exist but it has no such separate existence in reality. Such existence as it has, is like that of the contents of a dream or of a reverie, which are entirely based on the dreamers mind, and do not exist apart from that mind (11:2:38). Note the phrase seems to exist that we shall explain. Most theologians, scholars and preachers of the West Asian religions (Judaism, Christianity and Islam) have felt tempted to slam Hinduism for its contradictions and inconsistencies as well as for declaring creation to be an illusion (Sanskrit: maya). They are sadly unaware that quantum physics, the science that describes how nature operates on atomic and subatomic scales, has verified the correctness of Hindu teachings. Current scientific advancements have left religionists ignorant of new research many light years behind as they fail to realise that science has erased the boundaries between the physical and non-physical. We know from atomic physics that the solidity of matter is an illusion. All matter is composed of atoms, each with a nucleus at its centre. If you scale up the atom to the size of our solar system, instead of a gigantic Sun with a diameter of 1.4 million kilometres, you will see a nucleus the size of Ipoh a small city stretching 10km from north to south. The nucleus fills up merely 0.0000000000001% of the volume of an atom. To grasp the vastness of space void, ponder the distance from the Sun to planet Neptune 4.5 billion kilometres. Scaled up to solar-system size, the electron might be somewhat analogous to something as tiny as a speck or gnat. Electrons whirl around the nucleus of every atom at a velocity of 1,320km per second (the exact distance between Paris and Madrid), and their electromagnetic force fields make the atoms appear as rigid spheres giving matter its familiar solid aspect, like a table fan blowing at max speed. But quantum physics has discovered that it is not just atomic solidity that is an illusion; particles are themselves illusory. The atom has three types of particles: in addition to the electrons, there are protons and neutrons forming the nucleus at the centre. The protons and neutrons are composed of quarks. These are elementary particles, meaning they are not composed of smaller particles they are considered fundamental building blocks of matter. Every proton is made up of three quarks (two up quarks and one down quark), while every neutron is composed of two down quarks and one up quark. Quarks have no substructure and volume. If you scale up the proton or neutron to the size of our solar system, each quark is just a pencil point, speaking analogically. The percentage of space within a proton or neutron that is directly occupied by the three quarks is close to zero. A quark-sized astronaut touring these particles will see just empty space. Quarks have no substantial reality as particles. The current best physical theory suggests that underlying all matter and energy is a quantum field stretching through space in waves. The stretching produces tension, like taut strings in a guitar or violin, and tension causes this substratum to vibrate. Vibration is a ripple with a back-and-forth oscillatory motion. When a series of ripples travels over a distance, a wave is formed. A wave compressed at any point takes on the form of a particle. As it is merely a compressed wave peak, the quark as a particle returns to its wave form, with decompression of the peak. Quarks possess no hard physical boundaries demarcating them as independent entities. The proton and neutron are thus illusory particles. In the case of the electron, only in a few situations is it a particle. Most times it exists as a dense fast-moving quantum wave. Om and quantum vibration The energy responsible for the quantum vibrations comes from the inherent tension of the substratum and is thus a built-in property of the substratum itself. Various modes of vibration give rise to protons, neutrons and electrons. With the substratum continuously vibrating, the entire universe is in rhythmic and vibratory motion. Quantum vibration is situated on the borderline where the physical and the non-physical intertwine, like the double strands of DNA, in a primordial substratum. We can now tackle this mysterious verse in the Srimad Bhagavata: Nothing exists besides You (3:9:1) meaning there is no reality in addition to you. It had earlier stated: All this universe indeed is an expression of Your thought (2:5:3). Every Hindu prayer is prefaced by the chanting of Om, which is the religions primary symbol. Om means Brahman, says the Taittiriyopanishad (1:8:1). Om is the best of all essences, the highest, deserving the highest place (Chandogyapanishad 1:1:3). The Om is meant to be recited in such a way as to mimic the sound of quantum vibration magnified to human audibility level. As all leaves are attached to a stalk, so is all sound and speech attached to the Om (Brahman). Om is all this, (Chandogyapanishad 2:1:4). Confirmation came in 2003 when astronomers detected low-frequency sound waves propagating through the gas surrounding the supermassive black hole at the centre of the constellation Perseus. The pitch of this sound translates into a note 57 octaves below the B flat, above middle C. At a frequency more than a million billion times deeper than the limits of human hearing, this is the deepest note ever detected from an object in our universe. Using advanced technology, Nasa recently transposed these sound waves up by 57 and 58 octaves, increasing the pitch of the waves by billions of times transforming the inaudible into the audible and allowing us to hear. Ohm, hummed in deep pitch (OhhMmmmm), does mimic the sound emanating from Perseus. In Vedic metaphor, the primordial substratum is the Voice of God and quantum vibration is the Word of God (Om). The powerful Gayathri Mantra in the Rig Veda begins with Om, bhur, bhuvah, svaha meaning that quantum vibration is the Word producing the trinity of matter (bhur), energy (bhuvah) and information (syaha), or the physical, emotional and mental realms. The Gayathri, indeed, is this whole universe, all that has come to be. And the Word, indeed, is Gayathri, for the Word sings forth and protects this whole universe that has come to be (Chandogyapanishad 3:12:1). Om! Selamat Deepavali. The writer champions interfaith harmony. Comments: letters@thesundaily.com

columns posted in the American media in their campaign to further demonise Putin and to influence readers to view BRICS as an inconsequential geopolitical grouping. The American medias barely concealed hostility to BRICS this time appears to have played second fiddle to what has been posted in the Japanese media, which has emerged as a strongly anti-BRICS echo chamber of the West. This positioning is surprising since BRICS members are among Japans biggest trading partners and export markets, and have played a key role in the rise and development of Japan. According to Japan Times, BRICS once again meet to complain and vent frustrations. Nikkei Asia, a Japanese business media organisation targeting the regional market, had more neutral but still negative headlines: As BRICS expands, its recruits chase disparate goals and Russia wants BRICS to become Opec (Organisation of the Petroleum Exporting Countries) for wheat. Will members buy it?. Summit highlights for Asean and Asia What BRICS achieved in Kazan can be seen in different ways from what has appeared in the Western and Japanese media. Firstly, it has grown from the original five countries (Brazil, Russia, India, China and South Africa). Four were added in January (Egypt, Ethiopia, Iran and United Arab Emirates), and it now has another potentially 13 new members. Countries that have become partner states as a prelude to full membership are: Turkey, Indonesia, Algeria, Belarus, Cuba, Bolivia, Malaysia, Uzbekistan, Kazakhstan, Thailand, Vietnam, Nigeria and Uganda. This expansion of BRICS has made the BRICS+ group an even more formidable geopolitical and economic powerhouse. Before the Kazan summit, the nine BRICS members were estimated to comprise 40% of the worlds population and to account for more than one-third of world GDP(gross domestic product) measured at purchasing power parity (PPP). By contrast, the G7 nations have less than 10% of the worlds population and under 30% of GDP (PPP). With the additional 13 new members and a combined economy, estimated at US$30 trillion (RM126.64 trillion), the clout of the enlarged BRICS+ group of 3.5 billion people has the potential to succeed where efforts at uniting and enhancing the progress of the less developed nations through the Non-Aligned Movement and Group of 77 in the United Nations had earlier failed. According to a report from the Carnegie Endowment for International Peace: The coalition (BRICS) can use this leverage not only to demand a more equitable international order but also to act on those ambitions, for instance by establishing a parallel energy trading system, deepening commercial links among members, creating an alternative system of development finance, reducing dollar dependence in foreign exchange transactions and deepening technology cooperation in fields from artificial intelligence to outer space. Secondly, four member countries of Asean are now partner states and are likely to be full members in the next summit. According to Piti Srirangam, executive director of the Asean Foundation: Being a member of BRICS would open up trade and investment opportunities, so the question is why not? The bloc has members from all over the world, but none from Southeast Asia yet. It is not just trade and investment benefits the Asean countries and other aspiring members are looking out for. They, together with other participating countries, endorsed the Kazan Declaration issued on Oct 23. Titled Strengthening Multilateralism for Just Global Development and Security, the 43-page, 134-point document calls for a more representative, fairer international order, a reinvigorated and reformed multilateral system, sustainable development and inclusive growth. A third highlight was the announcement at the summit of the agreement by its two founding members, India and China, to resolve their border and other disputes, stabilise relations and move to a new era of peace, security and cooperation. The timing of this announcement is especially significant for BRICS+ development. While not a direct issue of the summit itself, the agreement will have ripple effects across a wide range of global and regional areas of contestation and concern military, political and economic. If the two countries can reset their relationship according to what Indian Prime Minister Narendra Modi has described as mutual trust, mutual respect and mutual sensitivity, they will provide a model of conflict resolution and peaceful coexistence for members of BRICS derided by the Western media as doomed to failure as a result of internal disputes and rivalries. They will also provide for the rest of the world an example of how to contest the current rules-based order crafted by the US and Western allies to entrench Western hegemony and dominance through manipulation of dissension and divisions of nations not aligned with or supportive of the West. Lim Teck Ghees Another Take is aimed at demystifying social orthodoxy. Comments: letters@thesundaily.com