Non-Discrimination and Access to Knowledge (Anak) understand too well the reality faced by stateless individuals and foundlings. In an effort to bring their stories to light, Anak partnered with the International Organisation for Migration and Family Frontiers to screen the award-winning Malaysian film Abang Adik in Kota Kinabalu, Sabah, recently. This 2023 movie follows the lives of deaf-mute Abang, and his brother Adik, as they struggle to rise above the challenges of being undocumented in an environment of poverty and crime. Abang Adik is not just entertainment, it is a mirror reflecting the intersectional struggles of gender identity, disability and poverty as well as the advocacy work that Anak does. It offers a glimpse into the bureaucratic hurdles stateless individuals have to overcome to obtain Malaysian citizenship. For example, a former stateless person, Alanis Mah, was only able to secure her MyKad at age 23 after years of struggling for a legal identity. During the post-film discussion, Alanis shared that on one occasion, she was made to understand that possessing a birth certificate was equivalent to having Malaysian citizenship. She was also told that she could not get a MyKad as she was not a Malaysian citizen. To make matters worse, when her MyKad was finally issued, she was not notified. This oversight caused by a relevant authority could have led to Alanis missing the critical time frame to officially claim her identity, and risked pushing her further into statelessness. Alanis not only had to live in a state of limbo and constant fear but she was also robbed of precious time that could have been spent furthering her studies and personal growth. Alanis experience, along with insights from Sabah Human Rights Commission of Malaysia officer Daflonia Daniel, points to the critical need for transparent Standard Operating Procedures (SOPs) and comprehensive training for authorities. Anak believes that no one deserves to have the course of their lives altered due to bureaucratic inefficiency and sheer neglect. Urgent reforms and systemic change are needed to introduce a clear path to citizenship for stateless people in Malaysia. Therefore, we call upon the government and relevant authorities to take the following actions: Implement a transparent and well-defined SOP for citizenship applications, ensuring that laws and safeguards are strictly followed to prevent bureaucratic roadblocks. Provide comprehensive training to officers handling citizenship issues to ensure they have the knowledge and ethical standards necessary to support stateless individuals. Enhance transparency by providing clear statistics, data, and reasons for citizenship application rejections, promoting accountability and fairness in decision-making. Collaborate with civil society organisations, human rights advocates, and affected communities to develop inclusive policies that address the root causes of statelessness. It is time to transform empathy into action and stand in solidarity with stateless individuals to ensure that they are no longer invisible or marginalised within our society. Together, we can create a more inclusive and just Malaysia for everyone.

especially considering the efforts made by the school teacher to administer CPR and the ambulance and medical staff who tried their best to revive him. Despite their efforts, fate overruled their attempts. In the 1960s and 1970s, during my active running days at the school level, my parents or guardians were required to inform the school authorities about our health status. Two weeks before any run, a doctor would examine our heartbeat and inquire about our health, with the physical education and sports teacher present. This process aimed to prevent any untoward incidents. Running a 7km cross-country race is no easy feat, especially when competing against 700 students. The temptation to outpace your opponents, whether one is healthy or unfit, can be significant for any teenager. The desire to emerge as a winner is universal. Our Education Ministry must implement clear standing operating procedures (SOPs) to ensure that parents are honest and transparent with school authorities regarding their childrens health. All physical education teachers and coaches must hold certifications in CPR training, and it should be mandatory to have a doctor or registered nurse present at school athletic meets or sporting events. Currently, all schools in the district are equipped with defibrillators, and administrators, school nurses, physical education teachers and coaches are trained to use them. This is an additional layer of safety, with more teachers being trained and certified in CPR to handle emergencies that can occur at any time and in any place, ensuring that school authorities are proactively prepared. Such tragic incidents should never occur in any of our schools or workplaces.

satellite systems that track asteroids, cybersecurity plays a pivotal role in keeping us safe from potential catastrophes. It is this unseen yet crucial aspect of cybersecurity that we will explore, shedding light on its significance beyond just safeguarding digital assets. As we mark Earth Day this year, let us reflect on how cybersecurity solutions have evolved and played a pivotal role in securing life on Earth. Guardian of our planet Cybersecurity has come a long way from its early days of simple virus protection. Today, it encompasses a broad range of technologies and strategies designed to protect networks, devices and data from unauthorised access and cyber threats. As our reliance on digital technology has grown, so too has the importance of cybersecurity in safeguarding critical infrastructure, including those vital to our societal, environmental and overall planetary well-being. One of the most significant areas where cybersecurity intersects with environmental protection is in the monitoring and management of satellite systems. Satellites play a crucial role in tracking environmental changes, predicting natural disasters and even detecting asteroids that can pose a threat to our planet. However, these satellites are vulnerable to cyber attacks that can disrupt their functionality or manipulate their data. A notable case study is the 2019 incident involving the European Space Agencys Aeolus satellite, which plays a crucial role in gathering data for climate research and weather forecasting. Cyber attackers attempted to gain control of the satellites communication systems, aiming to disrupt its data transmission and potentially compromise the accuracy of crucial environmental data. Thankfully, the attack was detected and mitigated in time, preventing any damage to the satellites operations and ensuring the continued reliability of its vital environmental monitoring functions. This successful detection and mitigation of the attack on the Aeolus satellite underscores the critical importance of cybersecurity measures in protecting our planet, highlighting the need for vigilant and robust defences to safeguard the data that informs our understanding of Earths changing climate. How cybersecurity factors into environmental protection The buck does not stop there when it comes to the critical role that cybersecurity plays in securing our planet. For example, cybersecurity infrastructure can be essential in protecting satellite systems used for tracking and predicting the paths of asteroids headed towards Earth. Another instance is the protection of Scada (Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition) systems, which are crucial for monitoring and controlling industrial processes, including those in the energy sector. A cyber attack on these systems can result in environmental disasters such as oil spills or nuclear accidents in worse-case scenarios, or similar to the case of the wide-reaching Viasat hack, which resulted in critical malfunctions in the operation of renewable energy infrastructure. We are proud that Check Points cybersecurity solutions are pivotal in protecting such advanced and essential Scada systems from such threats, thereby safeguarding our environment from potential harm while ensuring the steady generation of climate-friendly renewable energy sources. Smart solution The emergence of smart cities, smart buildings, smart transportation and even smart health signifies a leap towards a more efficient, sustainable and interconnected environment. These advancements integrate various services, from traffic and emergency management in urban settings to global shipping coordination and remote healthcare, through digital platforms. They rely heavily on real-time data exchange and interconnected networks to improve living standards, streamline transportation, enhance energy conservation and offer advanced medical care remotely. However, the backbone of these systems is the cybersecurity measures, which ensure the reliability and safety of these critical services. Recent cyber incidents, such as the Colonial Pipeline ransomware attack and the SolarWinds hack, underscore the vulnerabilities that come with increased connectivity. These events demonstrate the potential chaos and severe repercussions that cyber attacks can have on national security, economic stability and public safety. Cybersecurity is not merely a technical necessity but a critical infrastructure requirement that protects essential services and sensitive information across sectors including healthcare, energy, finance and government. Secure and sustainable future As we celebrate Earth Day, we also recognise the integral role that cybersecurity plays in ensuring a long and sustainable future. The development of cybersecurity solutions, as demonstrated by Check Points technologies, has been crucial in safeguarding critical infrastructure that prevents against potentially large-scale environmental catastrophes, while ensuring the sustainability of our digital and physical worlds. It is a testament that in our interconnected world, securing our digital realm is inseparable from securing our Earth. Finally, it is important to remember that our planet is the only home that we have. We must continue to work diligently to shape a future where technology and sustainability go hand in hand, with the hope that we can play our part in shaping a secure and sustainable world for generations to come. The writer is an environmental, social and governance manager at Check Point Software Technologies. Comments: letters@thesundaily.com

beliefs and our outward behaviours. Let us turn this lens on the everyday actions that define us. Parents, for example, who extol the virtues of integrity must mirror this in their actions, not just in the advice they dispense. When parents deeds match their words, it lays a foundation of trust and sets a powerful example for the young minds watching their every move. This consistency between saying and doing teaches children the importance of honesty and integrity in a way that mere words cannot. It builds an environment where children learn trust and authenticity, knowing that the principles taught at home are not just theoretical but genuinely lived and experienced daily. Now, consider the sustainability champions who adorn their rhetoric with green laurels yet overlook the significance of their own consumption patterns. Shin-Gi-Tai teaches us that real commitment to sustainability is reflected not in words but in everyday choices. It is choosing reusable bags over single-use plastics, and supporting local artisans instead of mass-produced goods, even when no one is applauding. These actions demonstrate a true commitment to environmental stewardship and model responsible behaviour for others to follow. Moreover, by prioritising sustainability in our daily decisions, we contribute to a larger movement that values long-term ecological health over immediate convenience. This not only helps preserve the planet but also instils a sense of pride and purpose in our choices, connecting us more deeplyto the global community. Similarly, our professed love for animals should reflect a genuine, all-encompassing compassion. Shin-Gi-Tai challenges us to extend our kindness to all living beings, regardless of their breed or background. If we lavish affection on pedigree breeds while overlooking the plight of strays, we must question whether our compassion is as unconditional as we profess. True love for animals is not selective, it sees beyond breed and extends a hand to the least among them. By adopting and caring for a stray, we act on our professed values, making a direct impact on the well-being of less fortunate animals and enriching our communities. In the professional arena, Shin-Gi-Tai can be particularly transformative. It is found in the congruence of a business leader whose company culture is a direct extension of their ethos. It is the entrepreneur whose brands success is rooted not in profits alone but in principles put into practice. Leaders who walk the talk demonstrate true leadership qualities by actively participating in and understanding the everyday challenges their teams face. They set a standard of integrity and accountability, inspiring their employees to also take their responsibilities seriously. Every task, no matter how small, is an opportunity to exhibit dedication and excellence. This approach not only fosters a positive work environment but also builds a culture where everyone is motivated to contribute their best, knowing their efforts are meaningful and aligned with a greater purpose. So, how do we practice Shin-Gi-Tai in our daily lives? Here are a few actionable steps: Start small : Begin with manageable commitments that resonate deeply with your personal values. Set clear goals : Clearly articulate what you aim to achieve, ensuring these objectives mirror your true self. Know your strengths : Leverage your unique talents as the foundation of your actions. Acknowledge your limits : Understand your boundaries and embrace them as natural extensions of your capabilities. Avoid comparison : See others as fellow travellers rather than competitors, focusing on your own journey. Live authentically : Let your life be a true reflection of your beliefs. This quest for alignment is not a performance, it is a sincere pursuit of congruence, where your life narrative honestly reflects your inner philosophy. It is the relief that comes from not having to keep track of which mask to wear. When you live what you believe, life becomes less about keeping up appearances about genuine being. Thus, as we forge ahead, let us bear the standard of Shin-Gi-Tai not as a lofty ideal but as a living and breathing practice. It is in the alignment of thoughts, words and deeds that we find not just success but significance, not just achievement but satisfaction. That is the essence of living a life in alignment, the heart of Shin-Gi-Tai, and the hallmark of a life lived sincerely. The writer is a certified mental health and awareness practitioner specialising in narcissistic abuse recovery. Comments: letters@thesundaily.com

predicted election or after the election process concludes. This stringent measure must be upheld consistently throughout the election period. Stern action must be taken against any individual who violates these rules, irrespective of their affiliation with the government or opposition. The Malaysian Anti-Corruption Commission (MACC) and the Election Commission (EC) should conduct a thorough analysis of the proposal outlined above. Addressing corruption and power abuse in the country proves challenging due to a lack of understanding and clarity surrounding their definitions. During election processes, it is commonplace for assistance and announcements of allocations to surface as these practices have persisted for years. However, many individuals perceive such actions by politicians during elections as routine rather than criminal. MACC and EC must clarify the ambiguity surrounding corruption and power abuse. Is the provision of any assistance or announcement of allocations by individuals connected to political parties during an election process considered corruption and power abuse? The MACC and EC must provide clear answers. According to the MACC, corruption involves the giving or receiving of gratification or rewards, whether in cash or in-kind, of substantial value in exchange for performing tasks outside ones job description. Apart from cash, corruption can manifest in various forms such as gifts, discounts, votes, services, job positions, loans and other forms of payment or favours. As the leading agency in the country tasked with combatting corruption and power abuse in the country, the MACC has a pivotal role to play in addressing these issues. The MACC should diligently monitor the situation nationwide and consistently remind all individuals, including our countrys leadership and politicians, to steer clear of corruption or power abuse in any shape or form. Immediate action should be taken against anyone suspected of involvement in corruption or power abuse, irrespective of their rank or position. Similarly, rigorous monitoring processes should extend to all social media platforms to deter illegal activities by contesting candidates or political parties. If we are genuinely committed to preventing and combatting corruption and power abuse in the country, each individual must play a role by reporting any suspicious activities to the MACC or the police, accompanied by tangible evidence.

session on Why must a student focus in life, a topic I thought was most critical for the fifth formers. I selected six students to join me on stage and was most impressed with their responses. Many of the students planned to pursue careers in business, citing their strong language abilities and interpersonal skills as key motivating factors. I then asked, How many of you make your beds in the morning? While a few acknowledged this routine, a majority remained silent. I then moved on to my favourite topic, with the question Who among you washes the toilet at home? and Do you leave the toilet clean for the next person? There was pin-drop silence among my audience. Why have the sad and shameful conditions of our school toilets remained the same? From my school days to the present day, government school toilets have been an issue of horror, shame and disgust. The current state of health hazards posed by their conditions is truly unimaginable. I want to underscore the urgency of addressing the issue of school toilets: Ignorance : The way the school toilet issue has been handled all these years is similar to ignoring an elephant in the room. This is an issue that has been discussed repeatedly in forums either via online media or letters to the editor, among all parents in the Parent Teacher Association (PTA/PIBG) but never in Parliament. The Education Minister must address this matter as it is of grave concern promptly, considering its significant implications for our childrens well-being, health and the reputation of educational institutions. This is inexcusable and it is evident not only in school toilets but also in numerous eateries and public lavatories across the country. If we do not educate our children from young on the importance of maintaining cleanliness in their homes, they will not grasp this concept in school or elsewhere. Early education : Japanese children are often taught about cleanliness and hygiene in preschool and early elementary school. The Education Ministry should adopt the Japanese concept and mandate comprehensive training for every child to uphold cleanliness in toilets and their surroundings. This training should begin in preschool and continue throughout the childs schooling years. Every school principal must be held responsible for the cleanliness of the toilets and ensure that the cleaners are doing their job well. Additionally, the government must allocate sufficient funds to each school to maintain proper equipment for toilet cleanliness. Demonstrations : Teachers and parents play vital roles in demonstrating proper toilet cleaning and hygiene practices. It is essential that every teacher receives training to effectively impart these skills and instil the importance of proper hygiene practices in every child. Use of visual aids : Use a variety of materials such as posters, illustrations and educational resources to visually demonstrate the proper way to clean lavatories and maintain cleanliness. Ensure that these materials are available in all languages to include vernacular schools in this educational initiative. PTA/PIBG : This committee must play a vital role not just in educational excellence but hygiene awareness, too. They must mandate a class duty roster for students to clean the toilets and the school compound. Cooperation and support among the principal, teachers and parents is crucial. There is nothing wrong with our children learning to maintain clean toilets or picking up litter, whether it is at home, in school or anywhere else. Cleanliness is a habit that everyone should emulate. Role-playing : Games and activities can effectively help children understand and practise proper toilet cleaning and hygiene. This must start in kindergartens and nurseries. Each child must be taught about cleanliness and hygiene, and their parents should be included in these role-play activities to ensure the habit is continued at home. Parents : They are the primary educators for their children. Alongside teaching ABCs and 123s, it is important to instil lessons in toilet cleanliness and hygiene. Starting as early as three years old, introduce simple household chores in a fun way, emphasising proper toilet usage and maintenance. Home is where a child learns to become either a hero or a zero. Media : Catchy songs and rhymes can be used to make learning about cleanliness fun and memorable. Radio, television and social media platforms should highlight the deplorable condition of our toilets to garner greater attention and commitment from all stakeholders including government ministries, parents, teachers, headmasters, corporate companies and toiletry suppliers. Reward systems : Some schools or households use reward systems to encourage children to keep toilets and their surroundings clean. We can elect student bodies to be in charge of toilets and school cleanliness and reward them with merits. The school can assign the members of the Art Club or students good in art to beautify the toilet and school surroundings. The Education Ministry can launch a hygiene campaign or competition among schools in every state, and reward the winning school with a trophy and budget allocations towards the school funds. Such projects can further encourage and instil awareness among the students on the importance of toilet hygiene. Community involvement : Engaging children in community clean-up activities, such as gotong-royong projects in schools and local neighbourhoods, can foster a sense of responsibility for their surroundings. Schools can organise field trips to visit landfills, transfer stations and recycling centres to raise childrens awareness about cleanliness and its significance. Emphasis on respect : In Malaysian culture, respect holds a significant importance and this should extend to public spaces such as toilets. Children must be taught to respect and maintain the cleanliness of public properties including playgrounds, parks, town halls and toilets. Encouraging them to pick up litter wherever they are can help reduce the RM2 billion spent annually on waste management. Consistent reinforcement : Parents and teachers must consistently emphasise the significance of cleanliness and hygiene, ensuring that children understand and embody these values. Despite the efforts of our government and the public and private sectors to maintain the costly upkeep of our toilets and environment, it often feels like we are throwing pearls to swine. Many Malaysians still perceive neglecting hygiene as a means of providing jobs for janitors and waste workers. During the last World Cup in Qatar, Japanese soccer fans delighted the world by picking up litter at the stadium after every match that Japan played in. We Malaysians should emulate such a habit and begin with our toilets in the hope that this will instil and lead to the practise of good hygiene habits in our environment. Comments: letters@thesundaily.com

claiming that the best chicken rice can be found in other outlets. One Singaporean even claimed the best he had tasted was in London. Nonetheless, the taste of foods and drinks is subjective, and anyone consuming a dish for the first time may like or dislike it but will not be able to differentiate whether it is good or bad. For example, those who have not acquired the taste of strong-smelling meats such as mutton or fruits like durian will find them unpalatable. After all, one mans meat is another mans poison. Connoisseurs can differentiate gourmet food from the usual fare and between expensive and cheap wines. To the uninitiated, they make no difference. So, there is no need to go out of the way to have the best chicken rice or char kuey teow or any food the first time. Last Saturday, the US Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) posted in its World Factbook and directly translated nasi lemak as fat rice. It could be a ploy to get the public to laugh at the CIA but the capabilities of this organisation to gather accurate intelligence is unsurpassed. However, no organisation can rank foods as universally acceptable, given the broad spectrum of tastes which are mostly acquired from young. Various criteria may be used for rating but it is not as simple as determining whether certain types of meats, vegetables or dishes are delicious. At any rate, great meals are enjoyed thrice. First, the anticipation, then the consumption and finally the memories. Unfortunately, this was not the case for over 20 female students who experienced food poisoning after consuming packed meals during a leadership programme in Kota Bharu last week. Healthwise, we should consume a variety of meats and vegetables. All foods can be enjoyable and healthy if well-cooked with minimal oil, salt, sugar, spice, preservatives and colourings. The texture and temperature must also be right. The quality of meats and vegetables can differ greatly, depending on where they are bred or grown and how they were brought from the farms to the kitchen. For example, the humble tilapia fish will taste horrible if bred in ponds with still, muddy waters, and are different from those raised in large ponds fed with fresh water from a mountain stream. The best-farmed tilapia (Chinese call them African fish where they originated) in the world are found in Batang Ai Dam in Sarawak. If freshly caught and not frozen, they taste heavenly, similar to many expensive river fishes, with the king being empurau. Steaming is the healthiest way to cook fresh fish, with minimal seasoning to enjoy its unique flavour, not masked by spices. Grilling or roasting using charcoal fire may produce the most tasty meat but this method of cooking is less healthy, and the worst is deep frying. More importantly, foods must be clean and freshly cooked. Sadly, food handling is poor in Malaysia. It is common to see fish and prawns sold outside wet markets by the roadside and in night markets, with little or no ice to keep them fresh. It is also the practice of most restaurants, stalls and caterers to cook food hours before it is consumed, and fruits are often cut open and left to oxidise. Cut red chillies and chopped garlic in soya sauce are normally placed on tables at Chinese eateries for diners to help themselves. However, chillies and garlic begin to oxidise once they are cut open. Not only does this cause them to lose their sting but they can also develop an unpleasant odour after a few hours. Before the advent of the internet, I was aware that everything looked great on a postcard. Today, many dishes featured in digital photos and videos appear appetising, and food channels are popular but many of the recommendations need to be taken with a pinch of salt. I have patronised many of the recommended outlets before viewing the videos, and do not wish to return. Influencers appear to relish nearly every dish they sample, often putting on a plastic smile to present a more favourable image on camera. However, food channels and rankings will remain popular as food is close to the hearts of many but disputes over food between individuals from different countries are unnecessary. Food should be a source of celebration, uniting everyone as part of a big family, and there should be no winners or losers. It can be a misconception to promote uniquely local foods to attract more foreign tourists. For example, kuih-muih (traditional cakes) may be popular with many Malaysians but others may find them too sweet and unhealthy. However, it is effective to offer localised versions of food that foreign tourists are already familiar with, such as local Chinese foods to visitors from China, Hong Kong, Macao, Taiwan and ethnic Chinese in Southeast Asia and Australia. As taste buds will not change overnight, most people will opt for familiarity or comfort foods, with the younger generation growing up more on fast food, and may not acquire the taste of many traditional foods, but when there is no choice, the hungry will settle for what is available.

tickets. Additionally, petrol is indispensable for fishermen operating their boats and farmers transporting their agricultural goods. Rising petrol prices will inevitably drive up production costs, resulting in an across-the-board increase in the prices of goods. Consequently, many households living below the poverty line will bear the brunt of these consequences. The increased cost of living will leave many struggling to afford basic necessities such as food and housing. Inflation will push more people into precarious financial circumstances. As a consequence, many individuals may need to take on additional jobs simply to make ends meet. Additionally, the government may find itself compelled to raise civil service servants salaries, which could further exacerbate inflation. With petrol subsidy cuts in effect, there is a risk that income inequality could widen. Therefore, the government must weigh the pros and cons thoroughly before reducing petrol subsidies. The government should explore other alternatives to cut the fiscal deficit so that the impact on the economy will be minimised. Assoc Prof Dr Mohd Shahidan Shaari Faculty of Business and Communication Universiti Malaysia Perlis Comments: letters@thesundaily.com

1.86 million Malaysians who have migrated overseas reside in Singapore. Two Malaysian diaspora studies conducted in 2022 found that 39% of the diaspora working in Singapore are skilled workers and 35% are semi-skilled workers, while in Brunei, 68% of the working diaspora are skilled workers and 24.1% are semi-skilled workers. Our national brain-drain rate of 5.5% of the population revealed recently compares badly with the global rate of 3.3%. It is likely that a disproportionate number consists of some of our brightest talents and entrepreneurs. How to stem the out-migration and provide a sustainable stimulus to the economy is among the biggest, if not the biggest challenge for the nation. Can Forest City and the South Johor SSEZ emulate the Shenzhen model which propelled the earlier sleepy Pearl River delta region into a powerhouse of global economic development? Background Forest City was initially planned as an integrated residential development. Commenced in 2006 by a consortium of mainland Chinese real estate developers, this was touted as an adjunct to the Belt and Road Initiative. Its developer, Country Garden Pacificview Sdn Bhd, is a joint venture between Country Garden Group and Esplanade Danga 88 Sdn Bhd, a Malaysian government-backed company. The grand vision was to create a luxury township enclave for well-to-do citizens from the Peoples Republic of China (PRC). It was envisioned that the township would attract Chinese wealth and investment and build a new modern city on four man-made islands on the Straits of Johor. However, the project faced a setback in 2018 when it was decided that foreigners would not be granted visas to live in Forest City. Further, currency controls introduced by President Xi Jinping in 2019 drastically restricted potential customers, and the onslaught of the Covid-19 pandemic dealt a body blow to the project. Today, the Forest City project is a lost opportunity for Johor and the national economy. Forest Citys potential as a city that can take the overflow from Singapore, in a similar way Shenzhen did for Hong Kong, remains unfulfilled. What will it take to revitalise Forest City so that it can live up to its promise as a game changer in the national economy? A reconfiguration of Forest City requires the setting up of parameters to revitalise the project. The challenges ahead can be seen in the SWOT (Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities and Threats) analysis below: Strengths Location: The primary strength of Forest City is its strategic location in proximity to Singapore. Located near Johors second link to Singapore, it can be the gateway connecting Singapore and Malaysia in future growth plans. It is also located in the heart of Asean, currently the worlds seventh-largest economic bloc. Asean has the worlds third-largest young population after China and India. The region also boasts a growing middle class, with a consumption power projected to grow rapidly. Completed infrastructure: Much of the infrastructure and buildings are already onsite in Forest City. Approximately RM20 billion has already been spent. Consequently, a large part of the needed physical infrastructure development is in place. Support from the Malaysian government: This project is fully backed by the Malaysian government. Support from the Sultan of Johor, who has on many occasions voiced support for the Forest City project. Weaknesses Reputational damage: Forest City is presently viewed as a failure with some media describing it as a ghost town. According to reports, Forest City is only 1% occupied. Severe blockages at the customs and immigration checkpoints across Johor Baru and Singapore had led to a non-starter for efficient business trips and regular commuting between Forest City and Singapore. This, perhaps the single most immediate obstacle to revitalisation, is easily remediable. Opportunities The major opportunity for Forest City can come if it is capable of moving away from its initial residential property market orientation to one in which it becomes the hub of hi-tech and value-added manufacturing industries. If this can take place, it can attract the ancillary service businesses that can ensure the sustainable growth of Forest City. When this development attains critical mass (the incubation period for Shenzhens development stretched over 15 years), considerable multiplier effects will come to Forest City and the surrounding areas. Threats Strong competition from neighbouring countries: In terms of foreign direct investment inflow, Malaysia ranks fourth in Asean. Many global companies are headquartered in Singapore, Hong Kong and other up-and-coming Asian cities and countries that are seen as having superior investment potential. Rivalry with Penang: In 2023, Penang ranked first in Malaysia for its investment performance. The comparative advantages that Johor can offer ahead of Penang to local and foreign companies are not yet apparent. Potential institutional threats may come from future governments that may cease to support the city. This has happened once before. Economic conditions and changes in capital outflow rules in Singapore and China, the two nations whose participation in Forest Citys present and future development is essential. Bureaucratic foot-dragging and corruption. New mission Forest Citys original mission must be scrubbed and substituted with a new one. The new mission should encompass building the area into one of the nations major innovative growth areas. This should be inclusive of micro, small and medium enterprises (MSMEs) and large established international corporations. This requires a dual strategy. The first is straight high pressure selling of the location to foreign and local corporations. The second strategy is more difficult. The key is developing local home-grown innovation and nurturing this until export-oriented MSMEs can grow alongside the corporations in the area. Our proposal is for Forest City to become a massive entrepreneurial incubator, with mentors available to nurture innovation-based MSMEs. TVET institutions must teach the principles of start-ups and the technologies that these new enterprises will require. In this way, Forest City would be one big startup. The key is pushing Forest City up to a critical mass where new businesses will add synergies to the old and create community multiplier effects. This will incubate a vibrant community economy that will flow over to services, entertainment, tourism, finance and construction. If Forest City can create its own champions, this will attract and inspire others to succeed. Thus, instead of Forest City being an enclave of well-to-do PRC Chinese, Forest City can become a truly Malaysian entrepreneurial and innovative city that can well become the nations economic lifeboat alongside Penang. Immediate priority proposal If a quick QR code or RFID-enabled travel pass can be set up for easy daily usage by car, rail and water taxi across the causeway, it will open opportunities for Forest City and Johor to benefit from the Singaporean and expatriate communities. This is a summary of a longer commentary by Lim Teck Ghee, Murray Hunter and Carolyn Khor. Lim Teck Ghees Another Take is aimed at demystifying social orthodoxy. Comments: letters@thesundaily.com

of individuals affected by autism. Autism is a complex and multifaceted neurodevelopmental condition that affects individuals in various ways, influencing how they perceive and interact with the world. The symptoms and severity of autism can vary widely, making each persons experience unique. This diversity in abilities and challenges is why individuals with autism are often described as differently abled rather than disabled, a perspective that highlights their unique strengths and potential rather than focusing solely on their limitations. Many autistic people on the autism spectrum possess remarkable cognitive and emotional capacities that allow them to excel in areas requiring high levels of concentration and detail-oriented thinking. Some may display exceptional talents in art, music, mathematics and computer science, stemming from their acute attention to detail and ability to maintain intense focus. Moreover, their distinctive way of processing sensory information often leads to heightened abilities in recognising patterns and anomalies, which can be highly advantageous in various professional and creative endeavours. The notion that individuals with autism are intuitively more connected with themselves reflects their often introspective nature. This can sometimes make social interactions and communication with the external world more challenging. However, it also serves as a source of strength and self-awareness, enabling many to develop innovative coping strategies and gain unique perspectives on life. The growing societal recognition of neurodiversity is a positive shift towards better integration and appreciation of the talents of people with autism. By understanding and supporting their needs, society can unlock the potential of those who are differently abled, celebrating the diversity they bring to the world around us. This involves creating inclusive environments that recognise their capabilities and allow them to thrive personally and professionally. The organisation I work for has extensive and structured programmes that support individuals with autism, and I have witnessed first-hand the transformative impact of tailored programmes such as the Enabling Academy. The initiative provides specialised training to equip autistic individuals with the necessary skills to succeed in a working environment. Through partnerships with various corporations, the academy undertakes the task of job matching, which, while challenging, is crucial for integrating individuals with autism into the workforce. Participation in musical activities such as the Drum Circle, which I recently attended, highlights the therapeutic and inclusive approaches we adopt. In these sessions, individuals with autism together with colleagues engage in making music using various instruments. This not only provides relaxation and therapy but also fosters a sense of community and belonging, crucial for emotional and social well-being. The observance of World Autism Month is not just about awareness but also action. It is a time to reflect on what has been accomplished and what needs to be done to ensure these individuals lead enriching lives. Globally, initiatives to increase awareness have led to better diagnostic practices and a broader understanding of autism, which is reflected in the increasing prevalence rates reported by agencies such as the Centres for Disease Control and Prevention. These efforts underscore the need for continued support and resources to accommodate the growing number of individuals diagnosed with autism. Locally, the focus should be on enhancing support structures through education, employment and social integration. By fostering an environment that encourages growth and development, we can help these individuals to survive and thrive. This includes creating opportunities in education that cater to their unique learning styles and in employment that leverages their specific talents. At the core of embracing neurodiversity is the belief that every individual, regardless of their neurological makeup, has something valuable to contribute to society. Our efforts to support those with autism are not acts of charity but recognition of their inherent worth and potential. By dismantling barriers and creating opportunities, we can enrich their lives while benefitting from the richness of diversity. As we observe World Autism Month, let us commit to a world where every person is recognised for their inherent worth and potential. It is a call to action for each of us to support, advocate and participate in creating a more inclusive society. Let us strive to understand better and appreciate the unique challenges and gifts of individuals with autism. Comments: letters@thesundaily.com

energy. Prime Minister Datuk Seri Anwar Ibrahim has also called for good sense to prevail, and yet it is not dying down. One cannot help but wonder what do those perpetuating this issue hope to achieve? Is it a quest for power, a desire to maintain relevance or to perhaps derail the governments efforts to unite Malaysians? This incessant need to amplify matters at the expense of the countrys well-being is not just harmful but symptomatic of a deeper societal ailment. Anyway, what do you call stranger than strange? Bizarre? And that is what politics is, and it is not for faint-hearted and straight-thinking people. Politics has the unique ability to do the impossible and the unthinkable. Undoubtedly, the occurrence of such an incident is regrettable and should not have happened. It represents a significant oversight on the part of the chain owner. Adequate reprimands and rebukes have already been directed towards them, prompting the question: what further action should be taken? Should we advocate for persecution, capital punishment or extreme measures, such as the death penalty? However, dwelling excessively on such issues can drag us into a quagmire of negativity, detracting us from our pursuit of more important matters, such as happiness. Why is happiness so crucial? The answer lies in its profound impact on our overall well-being. Simply put, a happier disposition correlates with a longer lifespan, fewer health complications and a more positive impact on ourselves and those around us. In a landmark study initiated in 1938, researchers at Harvard University embarked on a comprehensive investigation into the key determinants of happiness in life. Over the course of 85 years, data was collected from 724 participants worldwide, with detailed inquiries conducted at two-year intervals. Contrary to common assumptions, the findings defied conventional wisdom. It was not career success, financial wealth, physical exercise or dietary habits that emerged as the primary contributors to happiness. Instead, the most consistent and compelling factor was the quality of our relationships. Positive connections with others will not only enhance our sense of happiness but also contribute significantly to our overall health and longevity. The impact of relationships is not merely psychological as it extends to our physical well-being as well. Consider the surge of energy following a meaningful conversation or the toll taken by sleepless nights during periods of strained relationships. To nurture and maintain healthy relationships, it is imperative to prioritise what can be termed social fitness. Contrary to the assumption that once established, relationships will naturally thrive, they require ongoing attention and effort. Much like a living organism, our social lives demand regular exercise and care to flourish. When we dwell on negative issues, it inevitably colours our perceptions of others, impacting the relationships we share with those in our vicinity, whether acquaintances or strangers. But, can we have relationships with people we do not know? In a sense, yes, as we coexist within communities that collectively form the nation we take pride in. However, persistent negative thoughts can sour our interactions and breed unhappiness. This will propagate itself as individuals mired in discontentment often seek solace by spreading their misery to others. Yet, as the adage goes: happiness shared is doubled. Why not strive to foster a culture of happiness within our nation? Finland has once again claimed the title of the happiest country in the world as per The World Happiness Report. This marks the seventh consecutive year that Finland has topped the list, a remarkable feat indeed. The ranking is determined by self-assessed life evaluations and responses to the Cantril ladder question, in which individuals rate their current lives on a scale from zero to 10. The Well-being Research Centre at Oxford University, responsible for publishing the report, considered various factors when assessing over 130 countries. In addition to the Cantril ladder question, these factors included social support, healthy life expectancy, freedom to make life choices, generosity, perceptions of corruption and gross domestic product. Finlands top-ranking score can be attributed, in part, to its strong sense of community and connectedness. As Finnish philosopher and psychology researcher Frank Martela suggests, Finnish people find happiness through altruistic actions, communal bonds and a clear sense of purpose. In our country, we have politicians who tirelessly strive to maintain a state of turmoil and discontent, perpetuating a cycle in which happiness always seems out of reach. Comments: letters@thesundaily.com

due to neglected road conditions. These dangerous road hazards are often visible from the roadside but can be hard to spot while driving. As a regular walker in the area, I have personally witnessed these hazards and have taken photographs as evidence. Several pressing issues require immediate attention: Open drains without covers pose a significant risk, large enough for someone to fall into. Potholes of considerable size pose threats to pedestrians and motorists, causing accidents and vehicle damage. Clogged drains, especially noticeable near the Seremban Post Office and Seremban Railway Centre, lead to flooding during heavy rains, with water levels reaching four to six inches. Given that these are low-lying areas, it is crucial to ensure proper drainage to prevent such occurrences. Regular maintenance of drains is essential, and the public can contribute by refraining from littering, which not only poses hazards when it clogs drains but also violates public ordinances against littering. Some residents have voiced their concerns to the Rasah state assemblyman, yet no action has been taken thus far. Despite numerous letters highlighting these issues, there have been no tangible results. Citizens are rightfully growing frustrated with the apparent inaction as it undermines the fundamental duty of elected officials to serve their constituents. Public trust is at stake as state officials remain inactive in addressing urgent issues. Citizens expect their concerns to be met with decisive action, especially regarding matters that pose immediate dangers to the community, such as the maintenance and safety of public roads. We once again urge the state authority to promptly resolve the long-standing road maintenance issues. Safety must be our foremost concern, especially as we aim to promote tourism this year. Let us strive to make Seremban a beautifully maintained city that we can proudly showcase to visitors.

more than an unfortunate misunderstanding. The important thing is to keep your hearts open and communicate your love as best as you are able. Our counsellors suggest three things you can do to preserve peace and sanity on your end and keep your conscience clear: Honour the boundaries your son and his wife have set, no matter how harsh or unreasonable. If they have asked you not to call, do not call. If you violate these boundaries, you will only end up validating their negative image of you. Guard your heart. It would be easy to fall into depression and anxiety or to beat yourself up and blame yourself for what has happened. Do not fall into that trap. Do not become bitter and do not believe lies about your worthiness as a person. Do whatever it takes to stay emotionally healthy and keep yourself psychologically safe despite the circumstances. If the situation allows you know best if it does send your son and his wife a card with a brief message expressing your love and goodwill a couple of times a year, perhaps on birthdays and important festivals. It is a small thing but it will let them know that your hearts are still open towards them. Q : I am in my early twenties, living in my parents home. I have had several relationships over the past few years but my mum and dad have not thought much of any of them. I want to honour my parents but I also need to live my life. How should I respond to my parents negative feelings about the people I have been dating? Focus on the Family Malaysia : To some extent, your present conflicts have less to do with the nature of your romantic interests than with the complexities of your living situation. You did not mention whether you are working full-time or attending university. In either case, you may want to begin working on a plan to become more independent and self-sufficient. A measure of financial independence can be surprisingly empowering and liberating. Once out from under your parents roof, you will find it easier to sort out the family dynamics that have been frustrating your relationships with members of the opposite sex. You are wise to take your mum and dads desires into account, and you certainly do not want to abandon the values they have worked so hard to instil in you during your growing-up years. At the same time, someone your age must learn how to think, choose and act independently. Living on your own will help you achieve the distance and perspective you need to do that. When and if you find yourself involved in another romantic relationship, it is advisable to move forward with caution and discernment. Give your parents perspective the careful consideration it deserves but take time to listen to the counsel of wise friends and advisors as well. This article is contributed by Focus on the Family Malaysia, a non-profit organisation dedicated to supporting and strengthening the family unit. It provides a myriad of programmes and resources, including professional counselling services, to the community. For more information, visit family.org.my. Comments: letters@thesundaily.com

in KL, I am also still grappling with the so-called new normal in the wake of the Covid-19 pandemic, especially the soaring living expenses. As we try our best to adapt, there has been a constant and prevailing notion that the ideal solution lies in cutting back, tightening our belts and spending less. Some even suggest changing our diet to ubi kayu (tapioca) in the face of rising rice prices, but I beg to differ, primarily because I believe these solutions are missing the point. For example, one of the areas that often comes under scrutiny is dining out, be it at the corner mamak stall or the high-end cafes. With rising costs and economic uncertainties, it is tempting to view eating out as an indulgence that we can no longer afford. However, to me, it is not just about the food but the experience, connections and the moments that come with eating out. When we dine out, it is not simply a matter of satisfying our hunger (which ubi kayu can address). It is about the company we keep, the conversations we share and the memories we create (which ubi kayu definitely cannot address). Some may even argue that eating out is part of our Malaysian culture. These intangible elements, be it the ambience of a bustling restaurant, the tranquillity of a cosy cafe or the friendly smile from the bhaiya who takes your order at the table, all add depth and richness to our lives, nourishing our souls in ways that go beyond the levels of Maslows hierarchy of needs. So, when faced with the rising cost of eating out, the knee-jerk reaction should not be to abandon this cherished ritual or culture altogether. Instead, it is an opportunity to pause, reflect and rediscover the values that drew us to dining out in the first place. Perhaps, it is the sense of community we find in sharing a meal with loved ones or the joy of exploring new flavours and cuisines. Whatever it may be, these values are worth preserving. And the same value-defining effort should go to all these solutions to address the soaring costs of living in the city. We need creativity and resourcefulness to adapt to the challenges of expensive city living post-pandemic, not shortcut responses. Rather than viewing rising costs as insurmountable barriers, we should seek alternative ways to fulfil our actual desires and aspirations. Perhaps, it could be hosting potluck lunches and dinners with friends, where each person brings a dish (or leftovers) to share. Or it can involve exploring outdoor picnics in the park or preparing prep meals for the whole week in the fridge. Whatever it is, the key is to embrace flexibility and open-mindedness, recognising that our values and priorities can remain intact even as our circumstances change. By shifting our focus from external constraints to internal values, we empower ourselves to live authentically and meaningfully, regardless of the challenges we face. Let us challenge ourselves to find creative ways to cultivate the same sense of fulfilment and joy in our everyday lives. After all, true abundance is not measured by the size of our bank accounts but by the richness of our experiences, just as succinctly summarised by Rumi the poet: Live life as if it is rigged in your favour. The writer is an associate professor and former director of the Corporate Communications Centre at Universiti Malaya. Comments: letters@thesundaily.com

take them? Not all housing areas have access to public transport. Numerous commuters will have to drive to the LRT station and find parking, which is time-consuming. The lack of punctuality and overcrowding on public transport dissuades people from utilising it, often resulting in tardiness for work. The absence of estimated time arrival boards and reliable schedules for bus services exacerbates the issue. Additionally, there are instances where individuals are unable to board buses due to long queues and an inadequate number of available buses. It is high time for the government to take action. Promoting cycling, as seen in China, should be considered as a viable solution to alleviate transportation issues. Bike sharing was first introduced in 2016 in Shanghai and Beijing, Chinas capital and most populous cities. Shared bikes are gaining popularity in China due to their convenience as the bikes are equipped with GPS chips, enabling users to locate them through their smartphones. Users can unlock the bicycle by scanning the QR code and completing payment electronically, making it convenient and user-friendly. By November 2016, Shanghai had 1.5 million shared bikes, amounting to approximately one bike for every 16 residents. During the same period in 2017, Beijing had 15 operators collectively managing around 2.3 million shared bikes. At US$5.7 billion (RM27.2 billion) in 2022, Chinas bike-sharing market is the largest in the world and has a 31.6% market share by year-end. Moreover, Malaysia has the opportunity to develop a thriving shared bike industry, leveraging Chinas success for potential growth and market penetration. Major cities across China such as Guangzhou, Tianjin and Yichang have initiated cycling plans recently, inspired by the Chinese governments push to use cycling as a way to reduce road congestion. Hence, bike sharing has already become the third largest mode of transport in China. Concurrently in Malaysia, the government should prioritise expanding cycling lanes to promote bike sharing nationwide, beginning with the densely populated Klang Valley. By targeting students and working adults as a start, bike sharing can alleviate the cost of fuel, parking and public transport for short trips. If bike sharing can be replicated as in China, this will significantly reduce pollution and traffic congestion in Malaysia. It is time to take the first step towards a better tomorrow. Together, we can mitigate the effects of traffic congestion and pave the way for an accessible and dynamic Malaysia. The writer is a student of Tunku Abdul Rahman University Management and Technology. Comments: letters@thesundaily.com

countless others before. Why? Whenever a binding resolution has to be passed by the UNSC, the veto power of its five permanent members is frequently employed to shield their allies, even in cases where these allies are engaged in acts of ethnic cleansing, aimed at either partially or entirely eradicating another population. The hot-button issue today is Gaza where ongoing conflicts have triggered countless terror-stricken campaigns. As things stand, the situation risks further escalation, such as Israels bombings targeting 1.7 million Gazans, all of whom are concentrated in Rafah. Since the verdict of the International Court of Justice (ICJ) on Jan 26, in which the judges voted by 14 to two, declaring Israels involvement in a plausible genocide and the US being complicitous, the situation has gone from bad to worse. It was none other than the former UN ambassador of the US during the Barack Obama administration who admitted what the world has long known and opposed that Gaza is facing a triple assault of a no-holds-barred arms assault from the Israeli Defense Forces (IDF), deliberate choking off of at least 500 food trucks that are needed to keep the victims fed and now mass starvation. Malaysia has spoken of the strategic and moral necessity of reforming the UNSC. Instead of allowing each of the five permanent members China, France, Russia, the UK and the US to wield their veto power to protect their allies that have gone rogue in murdering tens of thousands without even wanting to countenance a second ceasefire, a permanent alteration of this formula is necessary. Firstly, for a veto power to work more effectively to prevent an issue from degenerating into the worst spectre of a killing spree by one state against the other, at least three vetoes are needed by the five permanent members to block a UNSC resolution. Secondly, itis essential that the UN General Assembly, representing the 197 member states, also has the authority to approve decisions made by the UNSC with a simple majority vote. Without these urgent reforms, the world risks careening into further disasters, as the ongoing genocide, reminiscent of a blood feud between Tel Aviv and the Palestinians, persists unchecked. This relentless assault threatens to strip them of their identity and their rights to have their separate state, perpetuating cross-generational scars. By accusing the UN Relief World Agency (UNRWA) in Gaza of unproven allegations of aiding and abetting the aggression of Oct 7, 2023, Israel has choked off the funds and logistical abilities of UNRWA to keep the besieged Gazans in Rafah from having any wide scale life support. The decision of Sweden, Finland, Denmark and Norway to restore the aid, having found no element of foul play, is unable to avert the onset of a complex humanitarian emergency. This crisis has been made more complicated by the incestuous relationship of the Israeli lobby, which has extended its reach beyond the US to other member states of the UNSC, with the exception of Russia and China. The world demands immediate reforms of the UNSC that extend to the UN General Assembly since the crisis in the Middle East has stoked tensions of a serious collapse of the international system. The proliferation of conflicts in Ukraine, essentially a proxy conflict involving the G7 and the European Union (EU), has led the 32 members of the North Atlantic Treaty Organisation (Nato) to utilise Ukraine as a red herring to gang up against Russia. The impact of this conflict alone since Feb 24, 2022, has increased the prices of food, fuel, fertiliser and animal fodder. The conflict in Gaza has drawn the Houthis in Yemen into the fray, prompting their involvement to disrupt maritime commerce from the Suez Canal through the Red Sea. Not surprisingly, the cost of the maritime insurance has shot up from 0.7% to 7%. Ships that want to lower their security premiums have also had to avoid the route completely. In turn, these vessels have had to circumnavigate half of the African coastline in the west and south, passing Cape Cod in South Africa, before making their way into the Indian Ocean, the Straits of Malacca and the south and east China Sea. The duration of such travels has been increased by two weeks. These complications have had the most severe disruption on the global supply chain between the East and West. While the EU can use the land corridor of Central Asia to reach China, this route would significantly increase the cost of goods by up to 300%. More importantly, the EUs reluctance to engage with China to resolve various issues has hindered the expansion of their trade relations. The world is deprived of relying on China as a powerful locomotive to spur the post-pandemic comeback or the economic rebound. Since 2021, Sino Asean trade has exceeded the size of the Sino-EU trade for the first time, a trajectory that has continued to remain stern and steady. However, when the immediate comes in the way of the urgent, the former should be adopted. The deadly statistics of the constant pounding of Gaza by Israel have led to all 36 hospitals being destroyed too. Water and fuel have also been choked off to intentionally leave the Gazans, Muslims and Christians alike, in a diabolical shape. With half of the 2.3 million population being between the ages of five and 14 at a time when they need their physical nourishment, malnutrition has also set in to stunt the cognitive development of the young Gazans. Two hundred and eighty-one journalists who have tried to write about the war have been killed by the IDF within the first three months of the conflict, making it the worst death toll on journalists since World War I and II combined. More than 100 UN personnel have also been killed, a threshold that has never been breached since the UN was first formed to ensure peace and security. In light of the immediate disaster that is unfolding across the board, Malaysias proposal deserves a hearing and systematic deliberations by all quarters of the world. It should not and must not be debated at the UN Reforms Day in September 2024. All would then be too little too late to redeem whatever is left of the UN. As things are, the rules-based order continues to function in sheer calumny. Despite claims made by the West, there is essentially no functioning order at all. The lack of the simplest rules s to prevent the international community from falling through the bottom will only lead to a world marked by total might against the rights of all to seek basic security and the right to a fair and meaningful existence. The writer is the founder of Emir Research, a think tank focused on strategic policy recommendations based on rigorous research. Commenst: letters@thesundaily.com

Corporation, Malaysians throw away about 39,078 tonnes of solid waste daily, and food makes up the largest component of domestic waste at 30.6%. The issue of food waste intensifies during various festive seasons in Malaysia. While our cultural festivities bring communities together on joyous occasions, we unfortunately also witness a surge in food wastage due to excessive preparation and consumer purchasing habits. Therefore, an understanding that every person is accountable and responsible for zero food waste in our daily lives is crucial. Attaining the goal of less demand and less food waste will allow us to make the right decisions in food purchasing and preparation. In addition, efforts should be made to promote food rescue initiatives, by redirecting surplus food to those in need rather than allowing it to go to waste. The establishment of neighbourhood food banks should be encouraged to bridge the food waste and food insecurity gaps. To address the problem of food waste, Taylors Universitys Food Security and Nutrition Impact Lab is actively working on research and development projects, including the formation of Taylors Food Waste Management Hub. Our goal is to establish a just and resilient food system that benefits all Malaysians through collaboration with businesses and NGOs, including food banks and communities. In 2023, we implemented Nourish-U an impact project to tackle the problem of food security and nutrition among Malaysian children, with a particular focus on the B40 community. In collaboration with the Food Aid Foundation, surplus food that would have been wasted was made into healthy meals. We conducted testing on the food processing methods to enhance the shelf-life of these foods, before distributing them to children in the selected communities. This holistic approach not only causes improvement in the nutritional intake of underprivileged children but also develops social responsibility among our university students to solve food waste issues. Turning to the food industry, food and beverage (F) businesses and manufacturers also have a significant role to play. Many small and medium-sized food enterprises (SMEs) hesitate to implement business policies and technologies that encourage food waste management. This is largely due to the fear and perception that such measures would be economically burdensome. While not all F businesses and SMEs would find it easy or affordable to use advanced technologies in waste management, it is crucial to recognise that the cost of doing nothing is far more than the costs associated with implementing waste reduction strategies. Numerous studies have revealed that many companies can experience substantial cost savings over time by setting waste reduction initiatives, which include minimising the overproduction of products as well as optimising inventory management. In addition, companies committed to sustainability can strengthen their brand and gain a competitive advantage with the growing number of environmentally conscious customers. One way that our government can help F businesses and SMEs implement cost-effective waste reduction strategies is by providing grants or subsidies. Also, building programmes that target the local community and working together with local organisations can help F businesses and SMEs find affordable resources, and provide the training that they need to deal with the issue of waste management. The issue of food waste is multifaceted, and we need to balance the promotion of inclusivity, economic concerns and personal responsibility. By applying innovative problem-solving techniques, encouraging stakeholder engagement, and building a collective action base, Malaysia can move towards a future in which food waste is minimised, resources are optimised and no one is denied access to a healthy diet. Let us work together towards creating a sustainable and resilient food system that will serve generations to come. The writer is the director of the Food Security and Nutrition (FoSN) Impact Lab at Taylors University. The FoSN Impact Lab aims to address the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (SDG) of Responsible Consumption and Production (SDG 12), Zero Hunger (SDG 2) and Good Health and Well-being (SDG 3). Comments: letters@thesundaily.com

Gobind that I had opportunities to work on cases with my boss. I served as his junior counsel on numerous occasions and had the privilege to witness him arguing in Malaysias apex courts. Every point he articulated and every question he posed proved he was an eloquent lawyer, underscoring his love for the law and justice, defining his illustrious career. He was also willing to teach a new lawyer like me the tricks of the trade and instil in me on what is right and wrong. Never did he tire of ensuring that those who came to him received guidance and a strong moral compass. I continue to carry those invaluable lessons with me now as a partner in my law firm and as the state assemblyman for Kota Kemuning. I was deeply inspired by his strive for justice. Boss never hesitated to stand up for the little guy, especially when the person on the docket was a victim of misjustice. Despite all that, he had the highest respect for the courts of law. Once I assisted him on a case in the Court of Appeal. I was not wearing my robes when the judges entered the courtroom. In my haste, I tried to put them on. He stopped me and told me to go outside to do so, saying: The court is not your changing room. This shows his reverence for the institutions while fervently advocating for change. The spirit of standing up for the little guy can also be seen in the political arena. As an elected representative, boss never hesitated to say what is right, regardless of what opponents would say or do. In Parliament, the Tiger of Jelutong fearlessly roared to rally support for righteous causes, advocating for the repeal of unjust laws and the enactment of beneficial ones. Even when he was arrested during Ops Lalang, his resolve remained unyielding. Upon his release, he continued to fight for what was right without fear, demonstrating his commitment to justice. Despite being likened to a tiger, he was always friendly and humble. I recall attending a Bersih rally with him, and as he was making his way across the venue, he was mobbed by a huge crowd of supporters who wanted to take photos with him. With a smile he indulged their requests. He enjoyed meeting people he aimed to help. If you sought his counsel, he would welcome you with open arms, inquire about your concerns and work hard to help you. He was truly a man of the people. Exactly a decade after his passing, the party he helped build is now part of a unity government. This government is tirelessly working to serve all people regardless of race or religion. Parliament, the government and the courts are striving to ensure justice for all. It is now up to us, the new generation to uphold the legacy of Karpalism. We must try to transform all the principles he stood for into reality. Why? The reason is simple: Malaysia is built by Malaysians and it is only right for us to stand by them. Missing you boss, and I hope that as you look down from heaven, you can see that you are remembered through the principles you have stood for and that your legacy lives on in Malaysia, a nation you dedicated your life to help build.

horrified by the sudden disappearance of the mature trees and lush vegetation in the area. The residents have taken to social media to express their anguish and concern that such a large segment of the greenery has been removed. Despite prominent signboards indicating that the land was gazetted as a green lung by the Kuala Lumpur City Council, residents are bewildered by the lack of explanation for the clearing. Social media platforms have been flooded with expressions of anguish and outrage, with reports describing the event as a massacre of trees. Amid the prevailing dry season, the stark transition from lush greenery to a barren landscape is painfully evident. Residents, who fondly remember Bangsar as a bastion of urban development harmoniously coexisting with natural ecosystems, now fear the loss of this delicate balance. With no official notices provided and workers unable to offer explanations, residents have turned to social media and have appealed to Member of Parliament Fahmi Fadzil, who also serves as the communications minister, to intervene and investigate the matter. Their hope is to revive what has been lost and restore the area to its former green glory.

identified rattan and had them grow with the Acacia trees. Most of these projects were not taken up by investors so he set up state bodies to lead the way. Later, he extended oil palm planting when the West African weevils were introduced in 1981 and pollination was no longer an issue. He started a joint venture in a refinery in Sandakan. Palm oil lorries began to rule the dusty roads in place of timber lorries. I often travelled on these roads surfaced by gravel or tiny river stones that you had to look out for as they could fly off from the wheels of the heavy lorries and shatter your windscreen. With no bridges, the wait for ferries at Segama and the mighty Kinabatangan could go well past midnight. The second aspect that I saw was the demand for human resources. It was hard to find Sabah graduates to join plantations. Many planters were enticed to come from the Peninsula and some from Sarawak. Schools such as at Timbang Menggaris in Kota Belud were training students sought after as supervisors. As for the workforce, many established plantations lost workers to new areas closest to towns such as Sandakan. Pamol in Sabah suffered heavily. It was dubbed by new plantations as their training school. Many employees came from the Philippines and the Cocos settlements in Lahad Datu. However, they preferred to work in the mills and workshops. Workers from Kedah and Perak came through the Labour Departments Malaysia Migration Fund Board. However, most workers were recruited from Indonesia, notably from Sulawesi Selatan and Timor because they were excellent harvesters and weeders. Their aim was to work for a couple of years, save and go home to buy a plot of land, build a house and have some space to plant cocoa. It, therefore, was a concern when they too started to abscond. We were far upriver and my staff had to think of ways to keep them back. Someone suggested we wait downriver at night in a big boat and catch those who were trying to row away, but I had to smile as it struck me that it was a practice not done any more in any part of the world, and that could make headlines in the Sabah Times. A better suggestion came from our middle-aged office manager, V.T. John, who said we must engage the prettiest girls as typists and secretaries to work with him in his office. That would make the bachelors likely to stay, court, get married and settle for good. The formula worked, and some staff came upriver to plead for their jobs back. Inter-marriages were common. It was worrying when the chairman, Leslie Davidson, came to visit from Unilever Plantations head office in London. He too could see the enormity of the labour shortage problem and was worried that the labour supply from Sulawesi and Timor may dry up as well. I suggested going there immediately to find out. He realised that I liked to travel and I took it that he agreed. I left not many days later with senior supervisor Samsudin Pongo as a guide. He was a Bugis from Bone and he knew South Sulawesi well. It turned out he was a highly respected figure in his hometown in Watambone where the Bupati, the head of the regency, came for dinner. We left early heading for Pinrang and up to the hills of Enrekang. The roads were rough and the bridges narrow, and I was told they were built by the Dutch. The long houses were built by the road, close together, and each had a kitchen at the far back. The villages were crowded, with children hurrying to school in the smartest red trousers, white shirts and ties. We reached the hill town of Rantepao, the capital of Toraja, an enclave of people skilled with numbers, grew among the best coffee and reared the healthiest buffaloes and sacrificed them for dead relatives who were preserved in slots in the cliff faces. We went downhill to Palopo, a port in the Bay of Bone, and noted for its riches in minerals such as nickel. We went south again to Sopeng, reputed to have the prettiest ladies, but Samsudin did not want me to tarry and instead we stayed the night at the port town of Pare Pare. We found a small hotel. The porter played chess and he beat me easily in two games. The next day Samsudin and I flew to Timor. Kupang, the capital, was noisy and crowded, with the people mainly living off the sea. The land was parched, with a few lontar palms. I understood why the men had to leave their families to seek a living in Sabah. We had to wait three days for the next plane. During that time, I met a person who played chess and beat me ruthlessly. Later he explained that he was an auditor, a Batak from North Sumatra. He said to the Batak chess was an obsession, played from young. I wish I knew before I sat down to face him. I learned more about Indonesia. However, I realised I could never know nearly as much about Indonesians, for example, what they had in their mind. They were polite but could hide a grudge with a smile. It was easier to handle their currency with many zeroes. The Bugis loved that because they could become rich in rupiah by working in Sabah. It was clear that more workers were likely to come. I found the visit useful. I did not waste the chance to speak about Sulawesi when I met a Bugis worker, for I could see a bond, but I could not capitalise on that for long for news came from the company that I had to leave Sabah. I was to move to some far islands in the South Pacific. The writer has extensive experience in the management of oil palm plantations. Comments: letters@thesundaily.com

enabled the state governments and society to resist and reject pressure from racial and religious extremist forces more easily. By promoting inclusivity and pluralism, an East Malaysian wind is envisaged to help mitigate the influence of extremist ideologies from whatever quarter. Secondly, is the much more multiracial and polyglot communities in the two states and the absence of the traumatic May 13 racial chapter of history which transformed Peninsula politics and society. Its dark shadow is still invoked by Peninsula politicians to stifle the nations progress to a psychologically and mentally liberated society. An important, and third consideration is the forthcoming constituency redelineation exercise. Presently, Sabah and Sarawak account for 66, or 25%, of the 222 parliamentary seats. The next redelineation exercise will see the number of seats from the East increase to minimally 33% of the new total, and possibly as high as 50% of the new total number of parliamentary seats. This development has the potential to be a game-changing element in shaping politics and government in the country. How might an East Malaysian wind in the form of parties and leadership bring much-needed change to the current political landscape? The possibilities run well beyond the ripple effects of the implementation of MA63 (Malaysia Agreement 1963) and realigning federal-state relations, which has been the main focus of East Malaysian parties to date. From social cohesion to inclusive economic development, environmental sustainability to native rights, and education to infrastructure: there are numerous sectors where East Malaysia can lead the way in driving positive change. This East wind cannot be successful on its own. The success of political transformation in Malaysia also hinges on the active participation of all stakeholders from East and West, especially the younger generation, including think tanks, professional elites, NGOs, media and businesses big and small. It is only through collective action and collaboration that we can overcome the barriers to change and build a progressive, more inclusive and equitable society. Collaboration among stakeholders from wherever they are and not just from Putrajaya and the capital cities is key for leveraging local and regional interests and driving national change. Here is a possible framework for how parties in East Malaysia can collaborate to form a cohesive bloc: Identifying common goals and priorities Parties in East Malaysia should convene to arrive at shared objectives and priorities that resonate with the peoples interests and aspirations. Common goals can include identifying and effectively addressing the root causes of racial and religious tensions; strengthening the everyday ways to fight racism and injustice; and taking action against systemic discriminatory structures and policies that lead to inequalities in outcomes and beyond. This includes clamping down on extremism such as that we are witnessing with sockgate that threatens the spirit of multiracialism and impacts the livelihood of innocent employees and their families. If action is not taken against errant divisive forces, we will see a greater outflow of local and foreign businesses and a downgrading of the nations attraction to new investment. Once this balance has been restored, only then can we progress, as other countries in the region have, without the distractions from extremists and polarising forces intent on imposing their narrowly constricted racial and religious values onto the rest of the country. Continuous dialogues among East Malaysian parties and stakeholders Any ongoing dialogue and collaboration should be strengthened and expanded, allowing participating parties to engage other parties and stakeholders to discuss strategies, coordinate actions and address differences constructively. Collaboration should extend beyond political parties to include civil society organisations, community leaders and grassroots movements. By engaging with diverse stakeholders, the bloc can strengthen its legitimacy, broaden its support base and ensure that its agenda reflects the needs of the people. As a united bloc, parties in East Malaysia can then leverage their collective influence to advocate for policy reforms and legislative initiatives that advance the two states and national interest. The bloc can also then use its political weight to more effectively negotiate with other political stakeholders. Coordinating electoral strategies Needless to say, political parties exploring opportunities for strategic collaboration to maximise their collective impact should begin discussions as early as possible to avoid potential problems and to start groundwork early on a common platform. If candidate selection can be agreed upon sooner than later, voters will be more inclined to decide on the right candidate on election day. Commitment to save Malaysia East Malaysian parties now possess the advantage of being courted in national issues and policies due to the evolving and fluid political environment. With the current power dynamics, contrasting ideologies and competing interests in the Peninsula, East Malaysian parties and politicians now hold the opportunity to drive bold messages and actions of reform and unity which can contribute to a better and not the same Malaysia. It is not only numbers that count. It will be the combination of quality, pragmatism and idealism in the East wind that can make the difference in government and policy making and implementation that comes after the next general election. This is drawn from a three-part series on East Malaysia and Malaysian politics by Lim Teck Ghee, Murray Hunter and Carolyn Khor. Comments: letters@thesundaily.com

Regulations 1989 by the Environment Department, aimed at effectively managing scheduled wastes generated in Malaysia. As a premise licensed to handle scheduled wastes, Kualiti Alam Waste Management Centre bears significant responsibilities when accepting waste from industries for treatment. The centre is tasked with rendering all collected waste innocuous before its final disposal or burial. I expect the centre to conduct a comprehensive analysis to determine the content of the wastes and to implement measures to segregate and foresee any side reactions within the stored wastes. Assuring the public of air quality monitoring after the fire is insufficient. The companys failure to disclose the specific waste responsible for igniting the fire raises concerns. The Environment Department should conduct a comprehensive investigation of the fire to prevent future occurrences.

leadership positions worldwide. The research reveals a gender disparity in promotion and pay raise requests but also shows that women in inclusive environments are more likely to seek advancement opportunities. Here are some key strategies for creating a thriving workplace through gender equality and inclusion. Equal representation on company boards To cultivate gender equality and inclusivity in the workplace, it is imperative to strive for a balanced representation of women and men on company boards. Designating a specific board seat for an individual committed to championing talent retention and fostering diversity, equity and inclusion (DEI) is essential. Leadership must initiate and drive change from the highest level, embedding equity principles throughout board structure and activities. This approach emphasises the importance of diverse perspectives and inclusive practices in shaping company culture and decision-making processes. Companies need to consider not only the appointment of women on boards but also their integration to reap the full benefits of gender diversity. Equip male leaders to champion DEI Men play a vital role as allies in promoting gender equity and fostering a more inclusive society. By amplifying womens voices, challenging stereotypes and educating themselves about gender disparities, they can actively contribute to reshaping societal norms. Men can also provide mentorship and sponsorship to women, promoting equal representation in leadership and reflecting on their own biases and privileges. Focus on diversity during recruitment To achieve gender equality in the workplace, it is crucial to start with the recruitment process. This involves creating accurate and inclusive job descriptions, sourcing a diverse candidate pipeline and conducting fair interviews. It is necessary to eliminate internal biases throughout the hiring process, with a particular focus on executive positions. According to McKinsey, men currently hold approximately 60% of manager positions, while women hold 40%, a representation of the gender disparity in early promotions. With men outnumbering women, there are fewer women to be promoted to senior managers, causing a decreasing number of women at every subsequent level. Equal pay and benefits Organisations must ensure that all employees receive equitable compensation for their contributions, irrespective of their gender. The gender pay gap refers to the difference in average earnings between men and women in the workforce. Despite efforts to narrow the gap, women still earn 16% less than men on average. The gender pay gap varies significantly across industries, locations, ethnicities, age groups, motherhood statuses and education levels. Some groups experience a much wider gap than others. Flexible work policies Enforcing flexible work policies, including remote work alternatives and adaptable schedules, promotes work-life balance for every employee. During the International Womens Day Celebration, Prime Minister Datuk Seri Anwar Ibrahim said the government is looking into a more flexible pay scheme for the civil service to enable women employees to better care for their families. This is a move that the Congress of Union of Employees in the Public and Civil Services Malaysia sees as a significant step towards gender equality and work-life balance in the public sector as it would assist women, employees, to balance work and childcare duties at home. Fostering gender equality and inclusion is essential for building a thriving workplace. We can achieve this by ensuring equal representation on company boards, equipping senior male leaders to champion DEI, focusing on diversity during recruitment, ensuring equal pay and benefits and implementing flexible work policies. These efforts will not only advance gender equity but also contribute to increased productivity, innovation and financial returns. By embracing gender equality and inclusion, organisations can nurture a more resilient workforce and drive positive change for all employees. The writer is the founder and managing director of Aisling Group, an integrated talent solutions company. Comments: letters@thesundaily.com

its goal of contributing more than 25.5% of the nations gross domestic product (GDP) by 2025. Unlike in the past, these initiatives will synch with the implementation from its government-linked companies and timely actions from the private sector. The benefits of AI to industries in Malaysia: Innovation acceleration : AI can analyse vast amounts of data to identify patterns and trends humans may miss. This fuels innovation by helping companies develop new products, services and business models. Companies that do not leverage AI for innovation risk falling behind in the race to develop the next big thing. Efficiency edge : AI automates repetitive tasks, analyses data faster and optimises processes. Companies that integrate AI can significantly increase productivity and reduce costs, thereby raising profits. Imagine a manufacturing plant using AI to optimise its processes and then using an e-commerce platform using AI to streamline order fulfilment. Those who lag will struggle to compete with the efficiency gains of AI-powered businesses. Customer experience revolution : AI personalises customer experiences by understanding their needs and preferences. This translates to targeted marketing, custom recommendations and improved customer service. Imagine a travel agency using AI to curate personalised vacation packages or a retailer using AI to recommend products based on a customers past purchases. Companies that do not leverage AI risk losing ground to competitors who cater to individual customer needs. Disruption from AI-first companies : Entirely new businesses built around AI can emerge, disrupting traditional industries. Think of companies like Grab that revolutionised transportation, food delivery and parcel courier services. Industries that do not adapt to the changing landscape with AI can be blindsided by entirely new competitors. Grants Below are some of the grants available for AI implementation and other industry innovations: Science, Technology and Innovation Ministry (Mosti) : Mosti plays a central role in promoting AI development in Malaysia. They oversee the National AI Strategy, which includes initiatives that may provide indirect support for AI implementation. Keep an eye on Mostis website (https://www.mosti.gov.my/en/) for updates on funding programmes related to AI. Malaysian Digital Economy Corporation (Mdec) : Mdec actively supports digital transformation across various industries. While they may not have specific grants solely for AI implementation, they offer programmes that can be relevant depending on your projects focus. Explore Mdecs website (https://mdec.my/) for funding opportunities under initiatives such as the Digital Transformation Grant or the Global Innovation and Tech Alliance. Other research granting bodies : Explore grant opportunities offered by other public research bodies such as: Fundamental research grant scheme: Administered by the Higher Education Ministry (https://www.mohe.gov.my/en), this scheme supports fundamental research across various disciplines, potentially including AI-related projects within universities. Science Fund: Managed by Mosti, the fund provides grants for research projects in various scientific fields, potentially aligning with some AI initiatives. MyDigital Corporation MyDigital Corporation was incorporated in September 2021 as a strategic change management office to drive the execution of initiatives under the Malaysian Digital Economic Blueprint and the National IR4.0 policy. The Fourth Industrial Revolution (IR4.0) Malaysia established Aseans first centre for IR4.0, known as the Malaysian Centre 4IR. The role of this centre is to create a foundation to harness IR4.0 and: Connect Malaysia to leading global 4IR practices to accelerate the adoption of emerging technologies. Serve as the IR4.0 International Cooperation and Partnership Development. Position Malaysia as an IR4.0 innovation hub. Enable access to top experts, innovators and policy leaders. Expose companies to cutting-edge technology governance and adoption Act as a global platform that drives a multi-stakeholder ecosystem to facilitate the development of policy frameworks across centres around the world. Act as a focal point between government agencies and the private sector to problem-solve issues. Provide support for pilot projects, knowledge transfer and talent development. MyAira The Malaysian Autonomous Intelligence and Robotics Association (MyAira) is a non-profit association founded in 2021. Its main objectives are to accelerate innovation in the AI and Robotics sector, connect entrepreneurs and start-ups in their initial steps and be a catalyst toward better national policies, legislation and regulations in AI and robotics. MyAira is an international collaboration platform based in Malaysia, nurturing related ecosystems by: Providing a collective platform for expressing common industry concerns in promoting robotics, digital workforce, unmanned vehicles and artificial and autonomous intelligence. Promoting research and development in autonomous intelligence, robotics, digital human workforce augmentation, unmanned vehicles and cybersecurity while giving a consultative voice in technical solutions and services. Promoting and organising trade missions, events, exhibitions, conferences, virtual events and webinars to accelerate global trade and collaboration with industry associations globally. Promoting awareness and education of AI in educational institutions and to the public at large. Providing a collective voice of the related industries to contribute to governments on regulatory issues. AI is not just a trend, it is a transformative force. While implementing AI comes with challenges, the benefits are undeniable. Companies that embrace AI early stand to gain a competitive advantage. The longer an industry waits, the higher the risk of falling behind and becoming obsolete. The urgency for industries to adopt AI stems from the immense potential it offers to revolutionise efficiency, innovation and customer experience. The writer is the Chief Mind Unzipper and founder of Mindbloom Consulting. Comments: letters@thesundaily.com

proactive approach and speedily undertake on-the-ground service work whenever ethnic or religious tensions surface. The occasional interfaith forum or seminar featuring representatives from various religions talking about the good points of their respective faiths is a long outdated style. It has no impact on society. Our religious leaders and the National Unity Ministry should do more during the month of World Interfaith Harmony Week, as currently no significant grassroots programmes are conducted. Some non-governmental organisations (NGOs) that aim to be peacebuilders have also shied away from the task and now focus on charity work rather than exploring solutions to inter-communal problems besetting our nation. The socks incident and the ensuing bitterness that kept spiralling upwards ought to serve as a wake-up call to the National Unity Ministry and all NGOs with a public service goal that their top priority must be to establish nationwide reconciliation. In recent years, such NGOs have narrowed their scope to serving fragments of society rather than adopting a whole-of-society approach. Religious groups also seem to have lost their grand vision or have abandoned whatever broad vision they used to hold dear. All have forgotten this all-important verse in the Book of Proverbs addressed to an entire nation: Where there is no vision, the people cast off restraint and run wild. Religious organisations should break out of the parochial focus on teaching their faiths only and embrace a divine vision of multicultural and multifaith unity to hold the nation tightly together. They must strive to work collaboratively and undertake service to the public in all matters that affect national unity. King Abdullah II of Jordan and his late father King Hussein are widely acknowledged as world leaders who initiated the interfaith era for humanity. In 2006, King Abdullah was invited to address a large evangelical Christian audience at a national prayer breakfast in Washington and he called upon people of all faiths to discard the idea of a clash of civilisations. It was he who introduced the World Interfaith Harmony Week at the 65th United Nations General Assembly in 2010. On that memorable occasion, he told the plenary session: It is essential to resist forces of division that spread misunderstanding and mistrust, especially among peoples of different religions. The fact is, humanity everywhere is bound together, not only by mutual interests but by shared commandments to love God and neighbour, to love the good and neighbour. Yet in Malaysia, nobody follows his initiative fully despite such harmful incidents as the socks debacle and similar potentially inflammable but fortunately rare incidents such as the occasional destruction of temple stone images by misguided vandals. After KK Mart had issued an apology, an interfaith team from MCCBCHST and perhaps with the inclusion of the smaller but more tightly-knit Interfaith Spiritual Fellowship should have visited the directors soonest possible and advised them to make atonement through an act of sacrifice taught by all religions. The sacrifice could be in the form of several thousand ringgit worth of halal food packs donated to various mosque committees for distribution to poor Muslim families. KK Mart could even pledge to distribute halal food packs every Ramadan. In view of the escalation into bomb-throwing, this is a fit occasion to explain the practice of sacrifice. The trail leads from human sacrifice to animal sacrifice, to sacrifice in the form of charity and finally back to human sacrifice in a completely transformed manner the most efficacious sacrifice with high relevance to Malaysias political situation. The notion of sacrifice arose from observation of nature in ancient times. For instance, the scarlet worm dies soon after giving birth so that the larvae may feed on her body for nourishment. This is self-sacrifice for the sake of new life. The octopus, squid, salmon, common mayfly, praying mantis, spider, scorpion and aphid are among many other species where it has been observed that mothers die soon after birth often to feed predators who then refrain from eating the newborn. Humans imitated the sacrificial character of nature by inventing the practice of child sacrifice, and it became standard practice in the early days of all ancient civilisations. In 2020, archaeologists in China excavated a human skeleton in a sacrificial pit dating back to the Shang Dynasty around 3,600 years ago. The skeleton was found in a kneeling position with both hands crossed in front. The sacrificial person had been beheaded. In 2018, archaeologists in Peru found evidence of the biggest-ever human sacrifice, uncovering the remains of more than 140 children who were slain in a sacred ritual at the time of the Chimu civilisation. More than 20 years earlier, archaeologists had found a well-preserved mummy of an Inca maiden, no older than 15 years, who was sacrificed by a blow to the head. In pre-Roman times, child sacrifice was prevalent throughout Western Europe. Some 15 years ago, archaeologists found evidence of a young, healthy and strong man whose body was painted in mysterious symbols being sacrificed by having his head clubbed and throat slit. He was a hero of the druids in Britain who were fighting to ward off the Roman invaders. The druids had sacrificed him as an offering to God to fight alongside them. Child sacrifice was equally prevalent in West Asia including the Holy Land. The Torah describes child sacrifice by Canaanites and Israelites. In the second book of Kings, the King of Moab took his eldest son and offered him a burnt offering after a battle with the Israelites. In the book of Judges, an Israelite commander-in-chief defeated the Ammonites and in thanksgiving to God he made a burnt offering of his daughter who was his only child. As civilisations grew aware of human rights, an offering of the best animals and farm produce was devised to substitute for child sacrifice. The food was then consumed by humans, of course. This switch to a substitutionary sacrifice was dramatised in a chilling story about an ancient patriarch Abraham and his son. Abraham took his son Isaac on a journey up a mountain, built an altar, laid his son on it and placed a bundle of chopped wood to make a burnt offering of the boy. Just as he was about to slay his son with a knife, he stopped, looked around and spotted a ram caught in a thicket. He burnt the ram instead. This epic drama symbolised the abandonment of child sacrifice by civilisations. Animal slaughter in sacrificial rituals became the vogue and remains the favourite to this day. The livestock animals picked to give their lives are preferably sheep, cattle, goats, pigs and chickens. Fruits and vegetables are also placed on altars. However, awareness of animal rights and environmental destruction is leading to growing revulsion over the forced slaughter of innocent lives. Bear in mind that the main purpose of sacrifice is reconciliation: to re-establish a broken link or to mend a damaged relationship, and also to influence higher powers to work in your favour. Thus, in any incident wherein a relationship with one community has been damaged, the distribution of food packs to poor members of that community is the most suitable form of reconciliation. Two religions indigenous to India, Hinduism and Sikhism, have long traced the cause of all broken or damaged relationships to one root cause: human ego. These two religions have transmuted the ritual into the loftiest form of sacrifice the sacrifice of ego. Known as purusayajna in Sanskrit, or the sacrifice of collective humanity, the call is to sacrifice biasness, selfish gain and parochialism. Instead, practise non-attachment, sacrifice of self and communal exclusivity, and embrace a whole identity. Purusayajna contains a lesson for many politicians around the world whose favourite indulgence is to garner selfish gain for power, sacrifice national interests for party advancement and aggravate tensions to widen their grip on traditional voter bases. The Sikh scripture, Sri Guru Granth Sahib, is hard-hitting. Here is a short list of powerful verses: Everyone worships God while abiding in ego, and so, ones mind is saturated not with God, nor one gathers peace. One utters prayers to gratify ones ego, and so wastes away ones life, and ones dedication avails not. Where there is avarice, there is death and where there is forgiveness, there is God himself. Of what avail is the abandonment of maya, if man abandons not his self-conceit? Ego destroys all ones merit. Ego eats all up. Power breeds ego and pride must have a fall. He who is alive to his ego dies, and he who is dead to his ego becomes eternal. I indulge in self-esteem, and egoistic is my speech. He alone attains to the gate of salvation who stills his ego from within himself. The ego has burnt down the whole world. The writer champions interfaith harmony. Comments: letters@thesundaily.com

observing our thoughts, emotions and experiences without judgment or attachment. It is akin to watching clouds drift across the sky: they are acknowledged but do not define the vastness of the blue beyond. By cultivating such an expansive state of mind, we can navigate lifes challenges with more serenity and clarity. When faced with a job that does not spark joy or a week crammed with tight deadlines, spacious awareness can transform our approach and our experiences. Here are practical tips, tricks and guidelines to integrate this practice into your work life: Start with a pause: Begin your day with a moment of stillness. Before diving into your tasks, take five minutes to sit quietly, breathe deeply and observe your thoughts and feelings. This practice sets a tone of spaciousness for the day ahead. Cultivate non-attachment: As you tackle your tasks, practice viewing your thoughts and emotions with detachment. If you find yourself thinking I cannot stand this job or I will never meet this deadline, observe these thoughts as passing clouds. Remind yourself that they are temporary and not an intrinsic part of who you are. Break tasks into breathable moments: Facing a daunting to-do list can be overwhelming. Break your tasks into smaller, manageable chunks and allow brief moments of spacious awareness between them. After completing a task or a portion of it, take a short break to breathe and center yourself before moving on to the next. Embrace impermanence: One of the key lessons of spacious awareness is the impermanence of our experiences. Whether it is the dissatisfaction with your job or the pressure of a deadline, remind yourself that this, too, shall pass. This perspective can reduce the weight of negative feelings and stress. Reframe your view: Use spacious awareness to reframe how you view your job and deadlines. Instead of seeing them as sources of stress, see them as opportunities for growth, learning and practicing mindfulness. Every challenge is a chance to strengthen your spacious awareness and resilience. Mindful communication: In times of stress, communication can become a battleground. Practice spacious awareness in conversations and meetings. Listen more than you speak, and when you do speak, do so from a place of calm and clarity. This can prevent misunderstandings and reduce conflict. End the day with gratitude: Regardless of how chaotic or unsatisfactory your day was, end it with gratitude. Reflect on at least three things you are grateful for. This can shift your focus from what is lacking to what is abundant in your life, fostering a sense of peace and contentment. Spacious awareness in action: Imagine it is Wednesday, and you are halfway through a chaotic week, staring down a Friday deadline for a project at a job that doesnt fulfill you, and you feel the familiar surge of anxiety and frustration. Instead of succumbing to these feelings, take a moment to breathe deeply, observing your thoughts and emotions without judgment. Remind yourself that these feelings are transient, not defining. Break down the remaining work into actionable steps, tackling each one with mindful focus, interspersed with short breaks of stillness and centering. As Friday approaches, you communicate clearly and calmly with your team, ensuring everyone is aligned and supportive. Despite the stress, you find moments of satisfaction in the work done and lessons learned. When the project is finally submitted, you take a moment to reflect on the week, acknowledging the challenges but also recognizing your strength, resilience and the small victories along the way. Spacious awareness is not a panacea that will magically transform a disliked job into a passion or dissolve all stress. However, it is a powerful tool that can change how we experience and respond to these situations. By cultivating spacious awareness, we empower ourselves to navigate lifes storms with grace, to find moments of peace in the chaos and to recognize the potential for growth in every challenge. Remember: within you lies a vast reservoir of calm and clarity, accessible through the practice of spacious awareness. Embrace it and watch as your work life and your entire life begins to transform. The writer is a certified mental health and awareness practitioner specializing in narcissistic abuse recovery. Comments: letters@thesundaily.com

end of the tunnel. Postponing the Bill allows for more extensive deliberation among stakeholders, policymakers, legal experts and civil society to come to an acceptable solution. In thist context, it is hoped that the government will heed suggestions by some Members of Parliament that the Bill be referred to the Parliamentary Special Select Committee. The role of such a committee is to gather feedback from the public and external organisations, and to leave no stone unturned in their task to present a comprehensive report. Taking the time to thoroughly review and refine the proposed amendments can help ensure legal clarity, thus saving time and money in having to seek interpretation and clarification of clauses in the courts subsequently. This way, other unintended consequences and potential loopholes can be avoided. The delay also allows for greater public awareness and education on the issue of statelessness, including its causes, consequences and potential solutions, leading to a more informed public. At the same time, it is hoped that the proposed June deadline will not be pushed back further. This matter must be resolved before the youngest stateless child becomes a teenager. Delaying the amendments beyond six months prolongs the vulnerability of stateless children and their adopted families who may continue to face legal and social barriers to assessing medical, educational and other essential services. Given the governments willingness to be guided by concurring and dissenting voices, it can be safely assumed that there will be no more delays, and that there will be finality to the final Constitutional amendments. Tan Sri Lee Lam Thye Kuala Lumpur

of racial and religious intolerance have underscored the urgent need for concerted efforts to address these challenges. Understanding root causes The erosion of the spirit of muhibbah in Malaysia can be traced to deep-rooted issues such as the ethnicization of social realities, conflicting narratives and historical grievances. Each ethnic group holds its perspective on Malaysian identity and development, often leading to competing narratives and perceptions. These differing viewpoints contribute to a sense of exclusion and marginalization among certain communities, fueling resentment and discord. The failure to address these underlying issues has allowed cultural tensions to escalate, undermining the fabric of Malaysian society. Role of ACT Amid these challenges, I would like to propose using Adverse Consequential Thinking (ACT) as a critical tool for navigating the complexities of multiculturalism to avoid the minefield of multicultural sensitivities we are not aware of. ACT involves considering the potential negative outcomes of actions before making decisions, enabling individuals, politicians and organizations to avoid exacerbating cultural tensions and conflicts inadvertently. By fostering empathy, understanding and foresight, ACT facilitates the effective management of sensitive issues related to religion, ethnicity and culture. Applying ACT in decision-making and policy formulation In policymaking, public discourse and community leadership, the application of ACT can guide decisions towards promoting inclusivity and harmony. Leaders must recognize the far-reaching implications of their actions and prioritize initiatives that uphold principles of non-discrimination, equality and mutual respect. By fostering a culture of dialogue and collaboration, Malaysia can navigate its multicultural landscape with greater resilience and cohesion. Promoting cultural understanding and tolerance Education, dialogue and awareness-building initiatives play pivotal roles in promoting cultural understanding and tolerance. Emphasizing intercultural knowledge, skills and attitudes enables individuals to transcend biases and stereotypes, fostering a deeper appreciation for the richness of Malaysias diverse heritage. By fostering empathy and solidarity, communities can bridge divides and forge genuine connections based on shared humanity. Building an inclusive society An inclusive approach to development is essential in creating a society where all individuals feel valued and empowered. Policymakers must prioritize initiatives that dismantle barriers to participation and ensure equitable access to resources and opportunities. By fostering a sense of belonging and ownership among all segments of society, Malaysia can realize its potential as a harmonious and prosperous nation. Call to action Reviving the spirit of muhibbah requires a collective commitment to fostering respect, tolerance and solidarity across diverse communities. Embracing ACT as a guiding principle, Malaysians can overcome cultural divides and forge a shared vision of unity and coexistence. By celebrating diversity as a source of strength rather than division, Malaysia can reclaim its position as a beacon of multicultural harmony. Conclusion In building a muhibbah Malaysia, ACT emerges as a fundamental tool in fostering empathy, understanding and resilience. It can help us navigate ourselves out of the minefields we are not aware of among Malaysians. By prioritizing inclusivity, dialogue and mutual respect, Malaysians can transcend cultural divides and forge a future grounded in unity and harmony. Let us embrace the true spirit of muhibbah as a guiding light, illuminating the path towards a brighter, more inclusive future for all and moving us from tolerance to understanding, respect and acceptance of diversities. The writer is an interculturalist. Comments: letters@thesundaily.com.

other plants was a young oil palm tree. I was enjoying the hot humid air, away from the bitter cold outside in winter, and felt like I was back in Kluang, Johor. I was not listening to the scientists although I caught on that it had not been easy to culture the tissue of an oil palm. The tissues did not develop easily even if they were from the leaves, stems or roots. After numerous trials, the tissue being treated with the right nutrient solutions could grow further with roots, leaves and stems in test tubes. When planted in the greenhouse, the trees developed seemingly like normal palms. The first clonal palms were planted in Pamol Estate near Kluang in 1977, and after the soil was tamped hard, we had a small celebration. Walton was present, with Dr R.H.V. Corley and agronomist Law Ing Hock. We congratulated Dr Laurie Jones who had come from Bedford with the plantlets. The palms were growing normally. This raised our hopes and soon Corley, the head of research in Kluang, gave a paper at a conference that the potential for tissue culture was high as each palm would bear fruit in the same way as from the source of the tissue. Productivity in palm oil production could increase by about 30% per hectare, achieved through the wonders of science. This was different from the usual way of getting plants from seeds that had been created by pollination. The results would be variable. He said with clones, it can be expected that each palm would behave in the same way as the original palm or ortet that gave its tissue. Soon, more palms were planted in trial blocks in Kluang but it did not turn out that way in terms of production. It took three years before we found that each fruitlet did not form into a smooth tiny rugger ball but had jagged parts shaped like a crown, and the flesh, therefore, did not hold much crude palm oil. Back in the laboratory, the scientists found that the problem started to appear when the production was scaled up. They had to try again, and the manager at Banting in Selangor, Tam Tai Kin and his team took pains to change the lighting for the test tubes, adjust the temperature in the room and find new formulations before the occurrence was brought down to an acceptable level. The trials were costly, and in addition, the crop from the trial areas was low. When that problem was solved, another would come up. We wanted to do cultures from the best palms. Most often the tissues from them could not change into callous and differentiate into leaves and roots, so it was back to more research. In the meantime, other laboratories and scientists also worked on cloning, including Dr Ng Siew Kee, a soil scientist who turned entrepreneur. He had set up a laboratory near Ipoh and became successful in producing clones from highly productive palms, and he supplied and provided advice to several large plantations. One in particular, in Perak, was planted solely with clones, and it was a unique experience to see the palms, uniform in growth and fruit production. However, the big hurdles were still there for the producers of clones, such as the problem of scaling up. Today, the supply is still not enough to meet the demand from plantation companies. More research is being done by scientists. Meanwhile, in the research departments and seed-production units, breeding work in the conventional way goes on. The pollen from one type of palm called Elaeis pisifera is applied to the receptive flowers of the Elaeis dura so that the seeds called tenera can grow into palms to produce many bunches, high oil content and kernels with thin shells. The dura without the pisifera pollen cannot produce tenera. On the other hand, by this method, things do not always work out completely for there would still be palms that did not get the right pollen due to contamination, and if those got planted in the field as dura, it would mean a low production for over 25 years. Today, scientists have come up with a way of detecting these rogue seedlings early through a system that can identify them for they have a different DNA from the rest, and they would be destroyed. Another effort is followed up today by another company that continues to find the most productive oil palm through genome selection so only the seedlings with the approved genome is selected for planting or cloning. Another research company is producing semi-clonal palms, which allows the production of a high number of seeds, in trying to meet demand and yet maintain a high level of productivity. This is done by using the pisifera pollen to fertilise the clonal dura palms. With a low rate of contamination of less than 1%, the production of fruit and palm oil per hectare is also assured to be high. Among these companies, the search for the most productive palm continues. Recorders go into the field following each row to find the palm that bears the most number of bunches and other characteristics, such as oil content, and when that is found, that palm can be cloned and multiplied. Naturally, the increased yield per palm would mean that the costs of production would go down per tonne of oil and there would be more volume to sell. The high production of fresh fruit bunches per hectare and high oil content are the keys to the future of the plantation industry. As the head of a successful plantation company in Perak had said in a recent conversation about his exceptional results: It is not a secret. It starts with the best planting material you can put in the ground. Then you can work from there. The writer has extensive experience in the management of oil palm plantations. Comments: letters@thesundaily.com

acceptance and appreciation. This theme is particularly moving as children with ASD often face stigma and are easily marginalised. As local data indicates a significant increase, with 589 children diagnosed in 2021 compared with only 99 in 2010, Malaysians must learn more about this condition. Autism can be diagnosed as early as 18 months and parents first concern is often their childs education. While it does affect some aspects of learning, we must remember that autism is a spectrum and every individual is different. Most importantly, every child can be taught and not every child with ASD will need special education. Many of them can continue in normal schools with some support, and some even go on to complete higher education and hold regular jobs. Common signs of ASD include difficulties or delayed development of communication and social skills. For example, they may misinterpret social cues and have trouble forming complete sentences or following instructions. They may also exhibit repetitive behaviour and be resistant to change. Early intervention is crucial, and parents are advised to see a doctor if they notice that their child has missed any important developmental milestones. A childs regular visits for scheduled immunisations are a good opportunity for parents to speak to the doctor about this. Autism can be screened using the Modified Checklist for Autism in Toddlers (M-CHAT) and can only be diagnosed in person by a qualified healthcare professional using formal developmental assessments. This may be followed by additional tests to rule out other possible causes, such as certain genetic disorders or neurological conditions that mimic autism. An accurate diagnosis is important so that parents can take the appropriate measures for their child. Thereafter, if the diagnosis confirms autism, parents can take the next step to learn how to manage their childs needs. Tailored approach to learning A good education is still an option for children with ASD, who are eligible for persons with disabilities (PwD) card, which helps to provide several important benefits, including admission into special integrated classes in government schools, assistance for educational aids, enrolment in community rehabilitation centres and job placement programmes. As each childs needs are different, a trial period will help the school determine if the child can remain in a regular class or be admitted into an integrated class. Parents will need to be more involved with their childs education and work closely with teachers as well as therapists. For example, regular sessions with a therapist can help children learn how to communicate more effectively and adapt to different situations. Teachers will also need to be aware of the childs triggers and develop a personalised education plan. Meanwhile, for children whose ASD is severe, a specialised school may be more appropriate for their needs. Digital tools and applications As each child with ASD is unique, it may be helpful to consider additional methods to support their learning, such as the use of digital tools and applications, of which there are many. These may be free-to-use, such as JABtalk and Card Talk or pay-walled such as Proloquo2Go. Parents should discuss the use of these devices with their childs therapist to see if the application or game helps to fulfil the learning and developmental goals for their age or stage of development. Another thing to consider when using games or applications is the amount of screen time. It can be enticing to spend hours on these games, just like any other child, so moderation and adult supervision are necessary, with clear boundaries set to manage the childs expectations and reduce resistance. This would be an area that requires a lot of active participation from the childs parents. As technology is here to stay, children with ASD will need to learn how to use it and use it well. Some online educational tools can also be helpful for parents, such as the WHO eLearning Caregiver Skills Training for Families of Children with Developmental Delays or Disabilities, which is available for free. With rising rates noted in Malaysia and across the globe, it is important for parents, educators and the community at large to acknowledge their different needs and to appreciate their strengths as part of an inclusive and diverse society. For children with ASD, education encompasses much more than academic learning. Interaction and group play are essential to hone their social skills, together with daily activities in the home, which can serve as learning opportunities. Meanwhile, therapy will help the child and parents as they progress through different stages of development, imparting basic life skills such as personal care, decision-making, communication and other skills so that they can be more independent and lead fulfilling lives as they grow older. The writer is a family medicine specialist with a special interest in child development and community child health at IMU medical clinic. Comments: letters@thesundaily.com

being preferred over the US by 50.5% of respondents compared with 49.5%. China was also chosen as the most influential economic power in the region by most respondents, with 59.9% picking it over the US. Away from surveys with their built-in agendas and bias, a dramatic shift in popular opinion on China is taking place as the world and China return to normalcy after the countrys zero-Covid policy shut the country to international tourists for more than four years. In the first two months of 2024, China recorded 2.95 million inbound and outbound trips by foreigners, an increase of 2.3 times compared with 2023. Should this trend continue, we may see a new phase in the war waged against China by Western media supported by its Asian allies. This new phase pits the Davids of ordinary travellers with modest resources against the Goliaths of Western media augmented by the enormous financial resources of Chinas opponents. According to a recent Reuters report, two years into his presidential office, Donald Trump authorised the Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) to launch a clandestine campaign on Chinese social media aimed at turning public opinion in China against its government, according to former US officials with direct knowledge of the highly classified operation. Three former officials told Reuters that the CIA created a small team of operatives who used bogus internet identities to spread negative narratives about Xi Jinpings government while leaking disparaging intelligence to overseas news outlets. The effort, which began in 2019, had not been previously reported. It has been expanded, judging by the constant stream of anti-China reporting by CNN, BBC, New York Times, Washington Post, Nikkei Asia, Sydney Morning Herald and other non-Western media drawing their news from the Western agencies that dominate the international media market. This hitherto, one-sided battle is now more evenly fought out. In the daily media contestation, travellers from around the world are covering every part of China the megacities of Beijing, Shanghai, Guangzhou, Shenzhen and others; second to fifth-tier cities; out of the way and allegedly repressed, exploited and unsafe provinces such as Xinjiang, Tibet and other areas with large non-Han and indigenous populations; rural and urban poor and less developed areas, side lanes and alleys. Armed with audio and photographic equipment and with an increasing number of flying drones to capture the beauty of the countryside as well as probe into forbidden or the ugliest and least developed parts, these mainly budget and backpacker travellers provide evidence of a society, government and nation different from that provided by the more sedentary highly paid journalists, operating from Washington, London, Tokyo, Taipei, New Delhi and others ensconced in five-star hotels. Unlike their professional counterparts who have to struggle for anti-China angles and stories to justify their job and career advancement, the vloggers have absolute freedom to go anywhere and video and comment on everything that they come across. There is no China mission to justify. No editorial panel to oversee their work. No concern that they may be at risk for writing a story or reporting news construed as favourable to China. No claim that they are living up to journalistic values of integrity, honesty, fairness, balance, independence and credibility. No need to give priority to any political or commercial interest, except their own. Many of these vloggers come from developed countries with pronounced anti-China sentiments among some of their fellow citizens - US, Canada, UK, Japan, Australia and some EU countries. An increasing number come from Africa, the Middle East, South America and elsewhere in Asia and the Pacific. They all, with a few exceptions of paid cyber troopers, marvel at the China they are discovering. Fed with an incessant stream of news and stories that go beyond just being partisan into the realm of propaganda by the guardians of the old world order determined to bring China down, these Davids were expecting an authoritarian police state; the absence of freedom of speech, expression, religions; human rights abuse and slave labour; repression of Uyghurs, Muslims and minorities. Some expected zombie-like citizens cowed and silenced by the ubiquitous surveillance cameras training down and snooping into every nook and corner of China. Others relate how they have been fed stereotypes of China as unsafe; the Chinese as inscrutable and anti-foreign; the government as xenophobic and power crazy. The great majority have gone home with a new and favourable awareness. More than a few are enchanted by their experience and better knowledge of Chinas history, culture, economy and food. When they post their videos they receive hundreds, sometimes thousands of comments sharing feedback on what the readers have viewed or experienced themselves; and very often favourably comparing Chinas government and political system with their own country, and stating how they have been deceived by their home media about China. The responses from commentators are spontaneous and unscripted. Some provide alternative, less positive and greater concerns of Chinas government and society; and they often begin an extended debate. But all of this is carried out in a freewheeling and participatory fashion unlike what is available from the mainstream media where the comment pages are often disabled, made inaccessible or carefully controlled. In 2021, the BBC, the self-proclaimed paragon of impartial, high-quality and distinctive output ran a lead story on The Foreigners in Chinas Disinformation Quest. The article had several objectives. The first was to demonise British expatriates posting stories counter to that which the BBC was running on Xinjiang, Hong Kong and other anti-China fodder; and to play up fears and anxieties about Chinas development. The second was to incite Western governments to crack down on YouTube where the British vloggers alleged China state-sponsored videos were streaming. TikTok has been targeted for cancellation. Now that foreign travellers are rediscovering China, if Western media and governments have their way, YouTube may become the next victim of their China reporting and campaign. Lim Teck Ghees Another Take is aimed at demystifying social orthodoxy. Comments: letters@thesundaily.com

users. Fatigue and tiredness are the common causes of road crashes besides carelessness. VMS messages should move beyond providing information only on traffic crawls or accidents. The VMS system on highways can be further utilised to educate road users on safety, create awareness of the environment and appreciate ESG (environmental, social and governance) principles. Highway concessionaires and other agencies can consider the following strategies: Safety messages : Use VMS to display safety messages such as reminders to wear seat belts, avoid distractions while driving using mobile phones and maintain safe following distances as well as maintenance of vehicles. These messages can help reduce accidents and promote safe driving habits. Environment awareness : Display messages that promote environmental awareness such as encouraging carpooling, using public transport, especially MRT or LRT, and reducing idling. These messages can help reduce emissions and promote sustainable transportation practices. ESG messaging : Highlight the commitments by the Transport Ministry, Public Works Department, Highway Authority and highway concessionaires to ESG principles such as promoting sustainable practices, supporting local communities and reducing carbon footprint. These messages can help improve the organisations reputation and enhance engagement with stakeholders. Real-time information : VMS can provide real-time information on traffic conditions, road closures and alternative routes. This can help drivers make informed decisions and reduce congestion on highways. It would be better if these messages can also be directly connected to Waze or Google systems, which will be a great help to commuters. Interactive messaging : Engage road users with interactive messages such as quizzes, polls and contests related to safety, environment and ESG. This can help increase awareness and a sense of attraction among the commuters. Partnerships and collaborations : Join forces with other organisations such as environmental groups, safety organisations and ESG-focused companies to create impactful messaging campaigns. This can help amplify the reach and impact of the messages. Be creative and do not let an expensive system be idle and become a white elephant. Feedback mechanism : Establish a feedback mechanism to gather input from users on the effectiveness of the messages displayed. This can help refine messaging strategies and improve the overall impact of the VMS system. By implementing these strategies, all our highway operators can fully utilise the system to educate, inform and communicate with road users on safety, create awareness of the environment and promote ESG initiatives, which will bring enormous benefit to all concerned.

the hustle and bustle of the Matta (Malaysian Association of Tour and Travel Agents) fair, an event brimming with promises of far-flung adventures and exotic escapades. While the overseas travel section buzzed with excitement, the local tour floor seemed to pale in comparison. It is a sentiment shared by many, including myself, who often opt to organise local excursions independently, believing familiarity breeds the best experiences. However, herein lies a paradox: while we may overlook the treasures in our backyard, foreigners flock to our shores in search of the unique and the unseen. China stands as a testament to this, with its tour operators mastering the art of packaging, marketing and sales, drawing crowds with unbeatable prices and unforgettable destinations. So, where does the discrepancy lie? It is not in the lack of potential but far from it. Our local destinations boast history, culture and natural beauty waiting to be discovered. The missing piece of the puzzle lies in effective marketing strategies. While state tourism boards do their part in promoting these destinations, there is a clear need for innovative approaches to capture the attention of locals and foreigners alike. First and foremost, we must reimagine the way we market local tourism. It is not enough to showcase the same old attractions. We must highlight what sets each destination apart, whether it is hidden trails in the rainforest, culinary delights in quaint villages or immersive cultural experiences off the beaten path. This requires a concerted effort to understand the unique selling points of each locality and tailor marketing campaigns accordingly. Secondly, we must embrace digital marketing channels to reach a wider audience. In todays digital age, social media platforms, targeted online advertisements and engaging content can work wonders in piquing interest and driving engagement. By harnessing the power of technology, we can showcase the beauty of our local destinations to a global audience, enticing travellers from near and far to explore what we have to offer. Additionally, collaboration is key. By forging partnerships between tour operators, hospitality providers, local businesses and government agencies, we can create comprehensive tourism packages that offer seamless experiences for visitors. Whether it is curated tours, accommodation deals or special promotions, a united front can elevate the appeal of local tourism and drive visitor numbers. Perhaps the most important aspect of promoting local tourism is ensuring sustainability. As custodians of our natural and cultural heritage, we must tread carefully, balancing the need for economic growth with the imperative of conservation. By promoting responsible tourism practices, preserving our ecosystems and respecting local communities, we can ensure that our local destinations remain vibrant and inviting for generations to come. Promoting tourism offers a multitude of economic and other benefits that extend far beyond the immediate industry. The most common are economic benefits and job creation. Tourism can be a significant driver of economic growth, generating revenue through visitor spending on accommodation, food, transportation, entertainment and souvenirs. This influx of money stimulates business activity and creates employment opportunities across various sectors, from hospitality and retail to transportation and infrastructure development. The tourism industry is a major employer, offering a wide range of job opportunities for locals, including hotel staff, tour guides, restaurant workers, drivers, artisans . By creating jobs and income-generating opportunities, tourism helps alleviate poverty and improve standards of living in communities dependent on the industry. I do know that our Tourism Ministry has a presence in key countries worldwide but have we set KPIs to ensure those enjoying the perks overseas are bringing in the desired numbers? My recent trip to Siem Reap in Cambodia left a lasting impression on me. The predominant currency for transactions in Siem Reap is the US dollar, reflecting its status as a tourist-centric city. Interestingly, the local restaurants, while abundant, are predominantly frequented by tourists rather than locals. One aspect that truly stood out during my visit was the exceptional restroom facilities at all tourist sites. Unlike many other destinations, the restroom management in Siem Reap rivals even that of first-world countries. Impeccably clean, consistently dry and fully stocked with essentials, these facilities set a remarkable standard. Reflecting on this experience begs the question: what would it take for our country to emulate the restroom standards of Siem Reap? The answer seems simple: determination. Comments: letters@thesundaily.com

great-grandmother produced, and that is okay. Do not give up consider changing your strategy and approaching the problem from a different angle. Remember that shared meals do not have to occur during dinner time or your hectic work week. Sometimes, this is not feasible. Aim to manage three family meals a week. You can achieve this by adjusting your plans to include weekends and other mealtimes. A little creativity and ingenuity can compensate for your lack of time. One way to do this is to prepare a large number of meals beforehand. Numerous cookbooks and websites offer practical tips for planning and preparing meals in bulk, such as the Once-A-Month Cooking series by Mary Beth Lagerborg and Mimi Wilson. You can also subscribe to services offering customised meal plans, recipes and corresponding shopping lists, thus reducing the stress of meal preparation and allowing you to prioritise the relational aspect of mealtimes. If you are not keen on planning too far ahead, consider simplifying your approach to dinner. The evening meal does not have to be elaborate. The goal is simply to carve out some family time around the table. Q: My wife is a beautiful woman. While I believe she does not need makeup, when we go out, I feel she wears too much, which hides her innate beauty. I have tried to drop subtle hints that she is prettier with less but she does not seem to get it. Should I keep my mouth shut or be more direct? Focus on the Family Malaysia : My friend, you would be wise to tread carefully here. Matters of appearance are highly personal for men and women and they are tied closely to our sense of identity. Furthermore, while honesty is essential in a marriage, it is also critical to respect boundaries and your spouses feelings. When dealing with delicate issues such as this, first determine what the real issue is. In your case, that means you need to examine your motives carefully. Is the energy here about your preferences or how your wifes appearance makes you feel? Or are you truly seeking her best interest: trying to encourage her in how she feels about herself or helping her understand how others may misperceive her? If an honest assessment points the finger back at you, I strongly recommend that you keep your opinions to yourself unless your wife asks for or invites them. If she does, limit your feedback to positive reinforcement, highlighting those things about her appearance that you appreciate. On the other hand, if she shares some doubts or insecurity about her clothes or makeup, you may gently offer some suggestions again, primarily affirming the things she already does that you find attractive. Make sure to compliment her when she is not wearing makeup. If she expresses an interest in a session or two with a beauty consultant, gladly foot the bill as your unconditional gift to her. Bottom line: value and guard the beauty of your wifes heart above all else. This article is contributed by Focus on the Family Malaysia, a non-profit organisation dedicated to supporting and strengthening the family unit. It provides a myriad of programmes and resources, including professional counselling services, to the community. For more information, visit family.org.my. Comments: letters@thesundaily.com

wrong, and then prescribe the right response. All other matters must take a back seat. This is no time to perpetuate illegality. If some matters still rankle, let the police do the necessary investigation and take action. Let us not take the law into our hands. The consequences can be dire if we do. Before such an eventuality, the National Unity Ministry must take immediate steps to address issues that can cause disunity in our multiracial country. That is its job, and that is what it should do. It is important, as suggested by Tawfik Ismail of the Malay Moderate Group, for it to hold a series of nationwide reconciliation events to smoothen ruffled feathers. In a multiracial society such as ours, embracing this diversity should be celebrated as a strength rather than a source of division. It is time for us to recognise the dangers of continuously stoking sensitive issues for personal or political gain. While freedom of speech is a fundamental right, it should not cause harm and sow discord. Too often, discussions on sensitive topics escalate into heated debates, fuelled by emotions rather than by reason. These can then lead to unnecessary and unproductive polarisation. One of the cornerstones of a just society is the impartial application of the law. Regardless of race, religion or social status, every individual is entitled to equal protection under the law. Therefore, rather than taking matters into our own hands, let us entrust the legal system to uphold justice and hold perpetrators accountable for their actions.

child. The costs will be higher if it involves overseas education. It does not help that our ringgit has weakened considerably over the years, which affects parents whose children are studying overseas. Even in neighbouring Singapore, the exchange rate is now hovering at RM3.50 for every S$1. As parents, we would want our children to opt for tertiary education that aligns more with our financial ability. On the other hand, we also want our children to enjoy quality education and not study in some fly-by-night institution with dubious credentials. Based on my experience, I noticed that some parents are led by the nose by their children who have a commanding say on where they want to study, but can be oblivious to their parents financial abilities or lack of them. Some students are subjected to peer pressure or taken in by the glamour of studying in certain institutions, which charge an arm and a leg just for being fanciful. This is why communication and research are key for parents and students. Parents should communicate the parameters they have in mind when their children select where they want to further their education. Students should also articulate their expectations to their parents. Ideally, both sides should meet halfway. I also noticed that some parents and students quickly decide on their choice for colleges or universities without doing much research. In Malaysia, there are different tiers of tertiary institutions. For example, top-tier institutions may have a good track record and reputation but can be costly. The second-tier institutions also offer comparable quality education but are more affordable. It is just that they may not be as glitzy as the top-tier institutions. There is no need to always go for the top-tier institutions as some of the programmes may not be suitable for students. It is understandable that in an industry as competitive as education, certain institutions have strengths in certain areas and weaknesses in others. The key is communication and research. When enough is done on both fronts, parents and students will be able to avoid common pitfalls when selecting an institution and course of study. In the long run, it would also save parents a lot of headaches and heartache.

innovative research capabilities. However, as the educational landscape undergoes a digital transformation, it also raises ethical considerations, challenges related to data privacy and the need for comprehensive policies to govern AI applications. In 2021, the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organisation issued a report on the ethics of AI in education, calling for the development of clear ethical guidelines and frameworks to ensure the responsible and equitable use of AI in educational settings. A 2022 survey by the Association for Computing Machinery revealed that 85% of computer science educators are concerned about the potential for AI to exacerbate bias and discrimination in higher education. In 2023, the European Network for Artificial Intelligence in Education found that 70% of higher education institutions are already using AI in some form, with the most common applications being for personalised learning, administrative tasks and student support. This introduction sets the stage for exploring the multifaceted role of AI in higher education, its impact, benefits and quality issues required to ensure responsible and effective integration within academic settings. Here are some perspectives on integrating and managing AI in higher education: Guidelines and policies Ethical guidelines and policies governing the use of AI in higher education are essential to ensure responsible and equitable implementation of these technologies. The policies centre on principles of transparency, fairness, security and privacy. Institutions must commit to providing clear explanations of AI-driven decision-making processes to foster transparency. Fairness dictates that AI applications should be designed and monitored to prevent biases and discrimination, promoting equal opportunities for all students. Furthermore, robust data privacy measures must be in place, safeguarding sensitive student information and ensuring compliance with relevant privacy regulations. Ensure that AI applications in education are also aligned with established ethical standards. The ethical policy should also emphasise ongoing review, monitoring, evaluation, and adaptation of AI systems to align with evolving ethical standards and emerging challenges. Ultimately, the goal is to harness the benefits of AI in higher education while upholding the highest ethical standards and safeguarding the well-being and rights of all stakeholders involved. Students learning experience AI-powered chatbots and virtual assistants are being deployed to provide instant support to students and faculty. These tools can answer common queries, assist in administrative tasks and enhance overall user experience. With the rise of online education, AI is increasingly used for remote proctoring. This involves the use of AI algorithms to monitor students during online exams, detecting and preventing potential instances of cheating. AI can also be used to create personalised learning experiences for students. Adaptive learning platforms can assess individual student progress and tailor educational content to meet their specific needs. In this context, ensuring the privacy and security of sensitive student data is crucial. Mishandling of data can have serious consequences and compromise the quality of education. An over-reliance on AI for personalisation should also be taken into consideration such that it may miss the holistic understanding that human educators bring to the learning process. Students should be systematically trained in AI to equip them with the knowledge and skills necessary for the evolving demands of the future workforce. This training should be integrated into the curriculum, offering a comprehensive understanding of AI concepts, methodologies and applications. Emphasis should be placed on hands-on experience, allowing students to engage in practical projects and real-world problem-solving. Additionally, fostering critical thinking and ethical awareness is crucial, ensuring that students understand the societal implications of AI and the responsible use of these technologies. Collaborations with industry experts and participation in AI-related competitions or projects can further enhance practical skills and expose students to current industry practices. This holistic approach to AI education ensures that students not only possess technical proficiency but also develop the analytical and ethical foundations needed to navigate the complex landscape of AI in their future careers. Faculty training and development Training academic staff in AI is imperative for fostering a technologically proficient and adaptive higher education environment. Institutions should provide comprehensive professional development programmes for faculty members, catering to various proficiency levels and disciplinary backgrounds. Workshops, seminars and collaborative projects can facilitate hands-on experience, enabling educators to integrate AI tools effectively into their teaching and research. Emphasis should be placed on the ethical considerations surrounding AI applications, encouraging instructors to embed responsible AI practices into the curriculum. Continuous learning opportunities, such as access to online courses or specialised training modules, should be available to keep academic staff abreast of the rapidly evolving AI landscape. AI can also be used to automate the grading process, allowing educators to focus more on teaching. This includes the use of machine learning algorithms to assess written assignments and provide feedback. However, there should be some serious considerations if it can potentially lead to inaccuracies of gradings or assessments since AI may lack the nuanced understanding and context that human graders possess. Additionally, promoting interdisciplinary collaboration and partnerships with industry experts can enhance the exchange of knowledge and best practices, ensuring that academic staff remain at the forefront of AI education and research integration within higher education institutions. AI tools are now assisting researchers by automating literature reviews, data analysis and even suggesting potential research topics. This can accelerate the research process and enhance the quality of academic output. Promote interdisciplinary research initiatives that explore the potential benefits and challenges of AI in higher education. Encourage collaboration between academia, industry and government to facilitate the exchange of knowledge and best practices in AI integration. Support research projects that investigate the impact of AI on teaching, learning outcomes and institutional efficiency. In this context, responsible and ethical issues in research such as plagiarism, data fabrication and novelty of the work need to be addressed. Trust and transparency Ensure transparency in the development and deployment of AI systems in education. Provide clear explanations of how AI algorithms make decisions and recommendations. Foster a culture of openness by encouraging institutions to share information about their AI initiatives, methodologies and outcomes. This helps build trust among stakeholders, including students, the faculty and the broader community. In short, striking a balance between the advantages of AI technologies and quality perspectives is crucial for a successful integration into higher education. Considering these quality perspectives will contribute to the responsible and effective use of AI in higher education, ensuring that the benefits of AI are maximised while minimising potential risks and ethical concerns. Continuous monitoring, assessment and adaptation of these initiatives are crucial to staying abreast of the rapid developments in AI technology. The writer is the director of the Quality Advancement Centre at Universiti Tenaga Nasional. She is also the deputy president of the Malaysian Higher Education Institutions Quality Assurance Network. Comments: letter@thesundaily.co

and resources towards preserving the nations political stability, safeguarding the national treasury, and combatting corruption. Such endeavours will enhance Malaysias attractiveness for FDIs. Unfortunately, in recent weeks, the country has been embroiled in various boycotts against local establishments for various reasons. Ongoing conflicts in the Middle East have led to widespread boycotts of goods and services perceived to originate from contentious sources. Additionally, overlooking certain actions can lead to severe consequences for companies and their employees. These boycotts have generated negative publicity for the country regionally and internationally, raising investor concerns about handling these situations. Religious and ethnic tensions can lead to significant repercussions, especially when politicians exploit these issues for personal gain or undisclosed motives. The governments focus should be on addressing and navigating these complex economic challenges effectively. While we acknowledge that issues surrounding race, religion and royalty are significant concerns, it is essential to handle them with sensitivity, ensuring that actions are devoid of intentionality and malice. It is crucial to allow companies or individuals to defend themselves, including providing legal representation, rather than resorting to boycotts, which ultimately serve no constructive purpose. The police, the attorney-general and the courts have demonstrated utmost responsibility and commitment in their actions. Therefore, it is prudent to trust them to formulate charges and administer appropriate punishments for those who have intentionally and maliciously offended the religious sentiments of others. The King has advised that we defer to the courts for resolution, a sentiment echoed by our prime minister, who rightfully emphasised that no one should take on the roles of executioner and judge. As law-abiding citizens, we must allow the legal process to unfold without inciting hatred or enmity among different ethnic communities. Living in unity and harmony requires our collective effort to safeguard the delicate balance of our religious, cultural and ethnic diversities while embodying the kindness, mercy and tolerance that are characteristic of Malaysians. I have full confidence that we, including the government, possess the courage and strength to approach every challenging situation rationally, avoiding the sway of emotions and feelings that can lead to irrational thoughts and decisions. Together, we have the capabilities required. By inspiring one another, fostering constructive growth and ensuring equitable access to economic opportunities, we can propel our nation to greater heights economically.

convenience and variety, it also comes at a cost. Prices have been on the rise, driven by factors such as escalating costs of essential ingredients. Prices of staples such as rice, flour, cooking oil and vegetables have risen due to various factors, including inflation, changes in weather patterns affecting agricultural yields and disruptions in the supply chain. For example, according to the Agriculture and Food Security Ministrys latest market data, the national average price of Indian red onions is RM7/kg. This is almost double the baseline price of Indian red onions in 2022, which was RM3.90/kg. The situation has led to most traders increasing their prices for Ramadan bazaars this year, leading to backlash from the public as the costs of raw ingredients have been largely unchanged. Furthermore, the implementation of the sales and service tax has led to increased costs for producers and consumers. This, in turn, has resulted in higher prices for goods and services, including food items. This puts a strain on household budgets, especially for those with limited financial resources. Another factor contributing to food price inflation is the global market dynamics. Malaysia relies on imports for certain food products, and fluctuations in international commodity prices, exchange rates and geopolitical tensions impact the cost of imported goods. For instance, changes in the price of crude oil, a key determinant of transport costs, affect the price of imported food items. In addition to external factors, domestic policies and regulations also influence food prices. Government interventions such as subsidies and price controls aim to stabilise prices and ensure food affordability for consumers. However, the effectiveness of these measures may vary, and unintended consequences such as market distortions and inefficiencies arise. The cumulative effect of these factors is felt by consumers, especially during periods of increased demand, such as Ramadan and Hari Raya. The traditional iftar meal, with its emphasis on family dining together and festive feasting, puts additional strain on household budgets as individuals seek to procure ingredients for elaborate dishes and delicacies. READ MORE: State Assembly: Rising cost of living among causes of high divorce rate in Selangor Makcik reminds PM over rising cost of living The rising cost of food has implications beyond economic concerns, impacting food security, nutrition and overall well-being. Amid the challenges posed by high food prices, home dining emerges as a viable and sustainable solution. By preparing meals at home, individuals and families can exercise greater control over ingredients, portion sizes and cooking methods, thereby promoting healthier eating habits. Additionally, dining at home offers significant cost savings compared with eating out as homemade meals are generally more economical and can be tailored to suit dietary preferences and budgetary constraints. To facilitate home dining during Ramadan, several strategies can be adopted such as meal planning. Meals can be planned ahead of time, and setting a budget for groceries can prevent impulse purchases and ensure that ingredients are used efficiently. On the contrary, busy working adults may argue that they lack the time and energy to cook elaborate meals at home after a long day of work. For this group, allocating time on weekends for meal prepping and relying on simpler recipes can streamline the cooking process and make home dining more feasible. By dedicating a few hours to preparing meals in advance, individuals can have ready-to-eat options available throughout the week, minimising the need for daily cooking. While dining out or ordering takeout may be associated with socialising and spending quality time with family and friends, sharing cooking responsibilities among family members or housemates can make the activity enjoyable. This alternatively can enhance socialisation and bonding at home. Additionally, supporting local restaurants through occasional takeout or delivery can help strike a balance between convenience and cost-effectiveness. By patronising local eateries, individuals can still enjoy restaurant-quality meals while contributing to the local economy. Ultimately, it is about finding a balance that works for everyones lifestyle and priorities, whether it is cooking at home or dining out occasionally. The trend towards eating out reflects broader societal shifts in lifestyle and consumption patterns. Factors such as urbanisation, changing demographics and socioeconomic status all play a role in shaping individuals food choices. However, amid these changes, it is crucial to preserve the tradition of home dining during Ramadan as a means of fostering family cohesion, promoting healthier eating habits and safeguarding financial well-being. By embracing home dining during this holy month, Malaysians can uphold traditions, nurture relationships and cultivate a deeper appreciation for the blessings of food and community. Dr Salini Devi Rajendran is a senior lecturer at the School of Food Studies and Gastronomy, Faculty of Social Sciences and Leisure Management at Taylors University. Comments: letters@thesundaily.com

diarrhoea, severe vomiting and abdominal pain to loss of consciousness, seizures and, in extreme cases, psychosis and hallucinations. There have also been reports of illicit drug use involving e-ciggie liquids, a trend previously observed in neighbouring Indonesia. This occurrence is not entirely surprising as warnings had been issued. Despite lacking legislation or regulations to oversee the distribution, sale and availability of vape and e-cigarettes containing nicotine, one year ago, the then Health Minister, Dr Zaliha Mustafa, signed an order to remove liquid or gel nicotine from the list of controlled substances under the Poisons Act 1952. This decision was made despite a rare unanimous decision by the Poisons Board to reject the proposed action by the minister. Consultation with the board is required by law before a minister can issue an order under that specific Act. The proposal to remove nicotine used in vape and e-cigarettes faced opposition from numerous public health advocates and healthcare professionals, especially those specialising in tobacco control and nicotine addiction. They argued that such drastic actions would cause significant harm and potentially result in permanent repercussions, potentially worse than smoking cigarettes. Despite these concerns and warnings being noted, they were not heeded. The ramifications of this decision have been manifold. Nicotine vapes and e-cigarettes of various varieties and concentrations are now legally available and permitted for sale, not only to adults but also to young people and children. Regulatory ambiguity has created a significant gap, leading to unregulated vaping. The market is flooded with inexpensive vape disposables containing high concentrations of liquid nicotine, as international players from China, the US and the United Kingdom, along with the domestic e-cigarette industry, view Malaysia as a lucrative consumer market with enormous potential for new nicotine delivery devices, all without regulatory oversight. The nicotine content in vape products sold in Malaysian retail shops and roadside stalls remains among the highest in the world. Liquid nicotine in a single disposable vape device is available in concentrations ranging from 3% to 5%. Vape disposables with 5% nicotine are readily accessible in the country for as little as RM10-20. Such high concentrations are not found in countries with regulations and taxes on vape products. For example, in the United Kingdom, Europe, the US and Indonesia, where e-cigarettes are regulated and taxed, the maximum strength permitted for retail sale ranges between 20mg (2%) and 30mg (3%). Any higher concentration requires a prescription. A person usually inhales between one and 3mg of nicotine from a single conventional cigarette. Today, many retail outlets do not bother stocking up vape devices or liquids with less than 5%. Encouraged by the policy decision, over the past year, vape and e-cigarette manufacturers and retailers have aggressively targeted, marketed, advertised, distributed and indiscriminately sold their wares openly to all, including young consumers. They have even sponsored sporting, fitness, health and lifestyle events, which is prohibited by law for tobacco and cigarette companies. As a result, data shows an increase in the number of teenagers who have never been smokers but are now vaping and using e-cigarettes. According to data, women, specifically young women who were previously a small fraction of cigarette smokers, now constitute 30% of vape consumers. Children as young as 10 are becoming addicted to nicotine. Tragically, some individuals have become disabled, and there have been cases where teenagers have lost their lives due to vaping-related issues. Furthermore, certain individuals and political parties have ridiculed public health advocates and healthcare professionals on social media, downplaying their concerns. They suggested that the Control of Smoking Products for Public Health Bill would soon be passed, and criticised those who opposed the delisting of nicotine for being unreasonable and impatient. However, the Bill was delayed and referred to a parliamentary special select committee. It would be around November or December before Parliament would pass the Bill. While gazetted in February, this law still requires regulations to be put in place, which are anticipated to be available in June. Until then, nicotine vaping and e-cigarettes will remain unregulated. The cost of delisting nicotine without appropriate regulations in place are expected to be severe, with significant potential harm. The expected tax revenue collected from vape and e-cigarette sales seems insignificant in comparison. Any person appointed as health minister carries a heavy burden of responsibility and a duty of care to safeguard the health of the population. No minister should be allowed to reject or ignore evidence-based recommendations from healthcare professionals. Leadership is crucial, and the courage to do what is right must make a difference. The Control of Smoking Products for Public Health Act will pave the way for introducing regulations such as plain packaging, bans on point-of-sale displays, restrictions on e-cigarette flavours and other measures aimed at preventing and controlling nicotine addiction while reducing underage smoking and vaping. This legislation marks a crucial step towards finally regulating nicotine vape and e-cigarettes. Unfortunately, the generational endgame policy has been shelved. The government must consider increasing the existing excise duties on cigarettes and other tobacco products which have remained unchanged since 2 . Malaysia spends an estimated RM16 billion annually treating smoking-related illnesses such as cardiovascular disease and lung cancer. Increasing the excise tax rate to RM0.77 per stick, equivalent to 61% excise tax on the retail price, will generate additional tax revenue of RM771.8 million. The new law is a chance to do things differently and help shape a better and healthier future for all Malaysians.